喹啉降解菌的降解效果考察

为了探索石油污染土壤中含氮杂环化合物的降解情况,在考察石油污染土壤理化性质的基础上,选择喹啉作为目标污染物,采用选择性富集培养的方法,从45份石油污染土壤样品中,分离得到155株降解喹啉污染物的高效降解菌株,从中选择降解效率较高的2株喹啉降解菌命名为Q5和Q24,进行喹啉的降解性能研究,比较了单一优势菌株、人工复合菌群和土壤中的自然菌群对喹啉的降解情况。实验结果表明,石油污染土壤中自然菌群对喹啉的降解效果好于单一的优势菌株和人工复合菌群。     

中国石化行业循环经济发展的现状与改进措施

发展循环经济是节能减排目标的要求.以石化行业为例,在充分调查的基础上,结合相关资料,详细分析探讨了中国石化行业发展循环经济的必要性及现状情况,并提出了针对性的建议和改进措施.     

智能控制在污水生物处理系统中的应用

对智能控制的适用范围及污水生物处理工艺的特征进行了简单分析。对智能控制的3大主要分支模糊逻辑控制、神经网络控制及专家控制系统在污水生物处理中应用的最新动态进行了评论和分析。结果表明,在污水生物处理中引入智能控制是一种提高处理效率、降低运行成本的有效方法,国内在污水生物处理智能控制的应用研究与国外有较大的差距,国内的研究及应用还处在发展阶段,应当加强。最后对污水生物处理智能控制的发展方向作了简要分析。     

生物修复的新方法——菌根根际生物修复

本文介绍了菌根根际生物修复方法 ,讨论了菌根根际生物修复方法的理论依据、机理和优缺点 ,探讨了从引入固氮菌、外源细菌两个方面对菌根根际调控以提高修复效果的可能性     

新老建设项目环境保护管理法规对照分析

最近颁布的《建设项目环境保护管理条例》,使我国环境影响评价制度在法制化的轨道上又向前迈进了一步,对我国环境影响评价工作的开展将产生重大影响。本文就原《建设项目环境保护管理办法》与新条例作出分析比较。     

苍山5.2级地震前后井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的短临异常变化

将尹祥础固体潮加卸载响应比的理论和方法引入到地下水位潮汐资料计算中,从岩石的应变与应力的非线性响应分析了井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的物理机理,从理论上论证可以应用地下水位观测资料来计算加卸载响应比,并研究出利用地下水位对固体潮响应来计算加卸载响应比的方法。以此方法计算了山东省莒南井（Ｌｕ １４井）水位的固体潮加卸载响应比,分析了１９９５年苍山５２级地震前后井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的短临异常变化。     

Inhibition effect of magnetic field on nitrous oxide emission from sequencing batch reactor treating domestic wastewater at low temperature

This study aims to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on nitrous oxide(N_2O) emission from a sequencing batch reactor treating low-strength domestic wastewater at low temperature(10℃).After running for 124 days in parallel,results indicated that the conversion rate of N_2O for a magnetic field-sequencing batch reactor(MF-SBR) decreased by34.3% compared to that of a conventional SBR(C-SBR).Meanwhile,the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen(TN) and ammonia nitrogen(NH4-N) of the MF-SBR were 22.4% and 39.5% higher than those of the C-SBR.High-throughput sequencing revealed that the abundances of AOB(Nitrosomonas),NOB(Nitrospira) and denitrifiers(Zoogloea),which could reduce N_2O to N_2,were promoted significantly in the MF-SBR.Enzyme activities(Nir) and gene abundances(nos Z nir S and nir K) for denitrification in the MF-SBR were also notably higher compared to C-SBR.Our study shows that application of a magnetic field is a useful approach for inhibiting the generation of N_2O and promoting the nitrogen removal efficiency by affecting the microbial characteristics of sludge in an SBR treating domestic wastewater at low temperature.     

岷江干流表层沉积物中磷形态空间分布特征

近些年,岷江水体TP污染情况严重,而水体沉积物这一潜在污染源,对水质安全带来的威胁也不容忽视.为揭示岷江干流表层沉积物中磷形态的空间分布特征,于2016年12月,采集了岷江干流(阿坝~宜宾)表层沉积物样品,应用改进的SEDEX法对表层沉积物中的弱吸附态磷Ex-P、可提取态有机磷Org-P、铁结合态磷Fe-P、自生磷灰石磷Ca-P、碎屑磷De-P和非活性磷Res-P等6种磷形态质量浓度进行了测定.结果表明,岷江干流表层沉积物中总磷TP的质量浓度为522.17~979.22μg·g~(-1),已远超全国土壤磷素背景值700μg·g~(-1),表明岷江沉积物中TP浓度较高.从空间分布来看,岷江中游眉山河段中的表层沉积物是颗粒最细、有机质和TP质量浓度最高的区域.岷江干流表层沉积物磷的主要赋存形态为Ca-P和DeP,两者共占TP的质量分数为75%以上.同时,岷江干流表层沉积物中的生物可利用磷(Ex-P、Org-P和Fe-P总和)占TP的质量分数为10.31%~29.62%,其中以中游河段(尤其是眉山段、乐山段)质量浓度最高,这表明岷江中游河段表层沉积物中磷的生物可利用性较强,潜在环境风险较高.     

Effective removal of antibiotic resistance genes and potential links with archaeal communities during vacuum-type composting and positive-pressure composting

As a major reservoir of antibiotics, animal manure contributes a lot to the augmented environmental pressure of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This might be the first study to explore the effects of different ventilation types on the control of ARGs and to identify the relationships between archaeal communities and ARGs during the composting of dairy manure. Several ARGs were quantified via Real-time qPCR and microbial communities including bacteria and archaea were analyzed by High-throughput sequencing during vacuum-type composting (VTC) and positive-pressure composting (PPC). The total detected ARGs and class I integrase gene (intI1) under VTC were significantly lower than that under PPC during each stage of the composting (p < 0.001). The relative abundance of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) which were identified based on sequencing information and correlation analysis decreased by 74.6% and 91.4% at the end of PPC and VTC, respectively. The composition of archaeal communities indicated that methane-producing archaea including Methanobrevibacter, Methanocorpusculum and Methanosphaera were dominant throughout the composting. Redundancy analysis suggested that Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum were positively correlated with all of the detected ARGs. Network analysis determined that the possible hosts of ARGs were different under VTC and PPC, and provided new sights about potential links between archaea and ARGs. Our results showed better performance of VTC in reducing ARGs and potential HPB and demonstrated that some archaea could also be influential hosts of ARGs, and caution the risks of archaea carrying ARGs.