膜法回收有机蒸汽进展

简要介绍了有机蒸汽（voc）的来源、分类及其对人体和环境的危害。介绍了膜分离技术在有机蒸汽回收中应用的工作原理、工艺设计特点和要求等。简要介绍了几种从VOC中回收溶剂的方法,并分析如何进行选择。较详细地论述了蒸汽渗透、气体膜分离、膜基吸收三种膜技术用于废气中挥发性有机化合物去除和回收的研究进展。论述了国外采用膜技术回收废气中VOC的工业应用情况,而中国的膜分离法回收VOC处于起步阶段,并就今后的发展方向进行了评述。     

卤代有机污染物抑制甲状腺激素代谢酶活性的研究进展

甲状腺激素(thyroid hormones,THs)对生物体细胞的正常发育和分化至关重要,甲状腺激素失调可引起中枢神经系统、肺、心血管和其他器官的异常发育。研究表明,环境中的卤代有机污染物(halogenated organic contaminants,HOCs)及其代谢产物具有甲状腺激素干扰效应。抑制参与THs代谢的生物酶,例如磺基转移酶(sulfotransferases,SULTs)和脱碘酶(deiodinases,DIs),是HOCs及其代谢产物干扰THs正常功能的重要方式。本文重点综述了HOCs对不同甲状腺激素代谢酶的抑制效应的研究,讨论了环境计算化学和预测毒理学方法在该领域的重要应用,期望为HOCs干扰甲状腺激素酶代谢活性的深入研究提供借鉴与参考。     

羧基化多壁碳纳米管对雌性小鼠卵泡发育的影响

碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes, CNTs)作为一种新形式的结晶碳,在工业及医药领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。本研究采用水溶性较好的羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)为研究对象,探索功能化多壁碳纳米管对小鼠卵巢发育的影响。将羧基化多壁碳纳米管溶解在含0.5% Tween-20的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,对实验小鼠按照2.5, 5, 10 mg·kg-1进行持续64 d的灌胃处理。处理结束后通过透射电子显微镜和HE染色观察卵巢组织的形态学变化。结果显示,碳纳米管确实进入了小鼠卵巢中。同时,随着MWCNTs-COOH暴露的增加,雌性小鼠卵泡数量显著减少,而雌性小鼠卵泡的形态结构并无明显影响。     

太湖流域水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择

水生生物水质基准是水质基准体系的重要组成部分。由于不同地区的生态体系存在差异,所需要推导的水质基准也存在不同。目前太湖流域的水质基准研究刚刚起步,国内外制订的水质标准并不能代表太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征。因此,开展基于太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征的水质基准研究,对于太湖流域的水环境保护和水质管理具有重要的作用和意义。在水生生物水质基准的物种选择方面,选择了两种鱼类、两种浮游动物、3种底栖动物以及一种水生植物或浮游藻类,可以全面的代表太湖流域的水生态结构和营养等级。     

水体除氟方法的最新研究进展

氟是人体必需的微量元素之一,中国是典型的大面积高氟地区,因此对水体中氟离子的去除研究十分必要.目前,水体除氟方法主要有离子交换法、吸附法、化学沉淀法等,其中吸附法是应用最广的除氟方法.本文主要综述了当前水体中常用的除氟方法及水体除氟方法最新的研究进展,重点分析各种方法所存在的各种优势和缺陷,并探究在实际除氟应用中的可行性,指出了今后水体除氟的主要研究方向.     

吹扫捕集-色质联机测定水中挥发性硫醚

采用吹扫捕集-色质联机测定水中挥发性硫醚,采用外标法,使用SIM模式对甲硫醚、乙硫醚和二甲二硫醚三种成分进行定量,方法的检出限分别为0.02、0.05和0.08μg/L,三种物质浓度在0.40~40μg/L范围内,测定结果有良好的线性,一次回归曲线的相关系数分别为0.9998、0.9999和0.9999。利用该方法对内河等实际样品进行分析,结果平行性良好,加标回收率在75.2%~88.4%之间。     

Water Quality Prediction of Water Sources Based on Meteorological Factors using the CA-NARX Approach

With the increasingly serious problem of surface water environmental safety, it is of great significance to study the changing trend of reservoir water quality, and it is necessary to establish a water quality prediction and early warning system for the management and maintenance of water resources. Aiming at the problem of water quality prediction in reservoirs, a CA-NARX algorithm is designed, which combines the improved dynamic clustering algorithm with the idea of machine learning and the forward dynamic regression neural network. The improved dynamic clustering algorithm is used to classify the eutrophication degree of waterbodies according to the total phosphorus and total nitrogen content. Considering four meteorological factors, air temperature, water temperature, water surface evaporation, and rainfall, synthetically for each water quality condition, the total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the waterbody are forecasted by an improved forward NARX dynamic regression neural network. Based on this, the CA-NARX prediction algorithm can realize short period water quality prediction. Compared with the traditional support vector regression machine model, improved GA-BP neural network, and exponential smoothing method, the CA-NARX model has the least prediction error.

     

1668年郯城8．5级地震震源参数及其讨论

利用野外考察资料系统地计算和确定了１６６８年郯城地震的震源参数，讨论其特点进而提出了计算地震断层动摩擦阻力和应力的公式，给出了衡量地震断层破裂彻底度的判别指标和主震后强余震的预测方法     

震害的动态预测

利用多层递阶模型，在选取影响人口损失大小的动态因子的基础上，建立了可应用于未来人口损失估计的动态预测模型，并由此对中国大陆各区域未来10a的人口损失进行了预测。     

Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

● Increased DAAO offsets 3/4 of the decrease of DAAP in 2013–2020. ● DAAO increases are mainly due to O₃ concentration increase and population aging. ● Health benefit from PM_2.5 reduction after 2017 is larger than that before 2017. ● Reducing PM_2.5 concentration by 1% results in 0.6% reduction of DAAP. ● Reducing O₃ concentration by 1% results in 2% reduction of DAAO. PM_2.5 concentration declined significantly nationwide, while O₃ concentration increased in most regions in China in 2013–2020. Recent evidences proved that peak season O₃ is related to increased death risk from non-accidental and respiratory diseases. Based on these new evidences, we estimate excess deaths associated with long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and O₃ in China following the counterfactual analytic framework from Global Burden Disease. Excess deaths from non-accidental diseases associated with long-term exposure to ambient O₃ in China reaches to 579 (95% confidential interval (CI): 93, 990) thousand in 2020, which has been significantly underestimated in previous studies. In addition, the increased excess deaths associated with long-term O₃ exposure (234 (95% CI: 177, 282) thousand) in 2013–2020 offset three quarters of the avoided excess deaths (302 (95% CI: 244, 366) thousand) mainly due to PM_2.5 exposure reduction. In key regions (the North China Plain, the Yangtze River Delta and the Fen-Wei Plain), the former is even larger than the latter, particularly in 2017–2020. Health benefit of PM_2.5 concentration reduction offsets the adverse effects of population growth and aging on excess deaths attributed to PM_2.5 exposure. Increase of excess deaths associated with O₃ exposure is mainly due to the strong increase of O₃ concentration, followed by population aging. Considering the faster population aging process in the future, collaborative control, and faster reduction of PM_2.5 and O₃ are needed to reduce the associated excess deaths.