石油类污染物对土壤、地下水环境影响模拟分析

某油田利用千化池蒸发处理联合站排放的含油污水,部分干化池存在轻微渗漏,下渗的污水会对地下水产生污染。为掌握污染物在地下水中的迁移转化规律,建立含油废水的一维竖向迁移模型,并利用Hydrus-1D计算程序对地下水中污染物浓度随时间、运移距离衰减的情况进行模拟分析。分析结果对于控制干化池含油废水中石油类污染物对地下水环境的污染具有一定的参考价值。     

Econometric analysis of the impacts of climate change on the livestock production in Qinghai Province

This study aims to investigate the effect of the impact mechanism of climate change on the livestock production at small watershed level and county level with the Multi-level Model(MLM)in Qinghai Province.The result indicated that the gross livestock output value was greatly influenced by the climatic factors of the small watershed level.Higher temperature promoted also by the increase of precipitation,relative humidity and sunshine duration was found to be beneficial to the development of livestock production,except in some areas where temperature rise restrained the development of local livestock production to some degree when exceeding a certain level;besides,the impact of the socioeconomic factors on the livestock output value is obvious at the county level.The gross economic output measured with GDP has some inhibitory effects on the reinvestment of livestock production,while population growth promotes development of livestock production to some degree.The results not only provide scientific basis for the management of livestock production in Qinghai Province,but also provide reference for formulating the policies and adaptation measures targeted at climate change to promote the sustainable development of livestock production in other regions.     

棱形十二面体Ag_3PO_4微晶的辅助合成及其可见光催化性能

以六次甲基四胺(HMTA)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为混合辅助剂,采用沉淀法合成了立方晶相棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶,对其进行了表征,并通过降解罗丹明B考察了其可见光催化活性。实验结果表明:以0.10g(25 g/mol(以Ag NO3计))HMTA和0.10 g PVP为混合辅助剂合成的棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶,其禁带宽度为2.17e V,对罗丹明B有较好的可见光催化活性;在8 mg/L罗丹明B溶液中加入0.4 g/L Ag3PO4,可见光照射12 min时,未添加辅助剂以及分别添加0.10 g PVP、0.10 g HMTA、0.10 g HMTA和0.10 g PVP混合辅助剂制备的Ag3PO4对罗丹明B的降解率分别为67.59%,76.25%,91.88%,99.64%;棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶重复使用4次后,罗丹明B的降解率仍达91.59%,说明该光催化剂具有较好的重复使用性能。     

喹啉降解菌的降解效果考察

为了探索石油污染土壤中含氮杂环化合物的降解情况,在考察石油污染土壤理化性质的基础上,选择喹啉作为目标污染物,采用选择性富集培养的方法,从45份石油污染土壤样品中,分离得到155株降解喹啉污染物的高效降解菌株,从中选择降解效率较高的2株喹啉降解菌命名为Q5和Q24,进行喹啉的降解性能研究,比较了单一优势菌株、人工复合菌群和土壤中的自然菌群对喹啉的降解情况。实验结果表明,石油污染土壤中自然菌群对喹啉的降解效果好于单一的优势菌株和人工复合菌群。     

Influences of human waste–based ectopic fermentation bed fillers on the soil properties and growth of Chinese pakchoi

The reuse of human wastes as biofertilizer resources offers a new option for meeting the growing demand for food and addressing poor soil productivity. Feces and black water are ubiquitous human wastes that usually require proper treatment, such as composting and anaerobic digestion, to remove potentially harmful substances before they can be applied as fertilizers. As an effective treatment technology for livestock farming wastes, the ectopic fermentation bed system (EFS) provides a new means of treating human waste and producing organic fertilizer from decomposed filler. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutrient content and fertilizer potential of decomposed fillers obtained after EFS treatment of human feces and black water under different application conditions. The results showed that the application of fillers increased the yield of pakchoi by 3.60?29.32% and nutrient uptake by 8.09?83.45% compared to the CK, which could effectively promote the growth of pakchoi. This approach also improved the quality of pakchoi and enhanced soil fertility, and differences were observed in the effects of different kinds and application amounts of fillers. Soil EC was the soil property that had the greatest effect on the growth characteristics of pakchoi in this study. These findings help to better clarify the agronomic value of human wastes, but the effects of long-term filler application need to be further explored.

     

Effect of silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the effects of nonionic silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon...     

Research on Methods of Ecological Security Assessment of the Middle and Lower Reaches of Liaohe River Based on GIS

1INTRODUCTIONResources and environment crisis are accompanied byincreasing economic development pressures and rapidpopulation growth in many countries of the world(RobSwart,1996).Ecological security is a hotspot.Majorityof scholars have taken in the hot discussions of ecologicalsecurity of different regions,most of which is differentfrom their background of subjects(Alex F.Mc Calla,1999;Xiao Duning,Chen Wenbo and Guo Fuliang,2002).With the development of GIS,GPS,RS and modeltechno…     

Matrix-bound phosphine in Antarctic biosphere

Phosphine (PH(3)) is a natural gaseous carrier of phosphorus in its geochemical cycles, and it might be of importance to the phosphorus balance of natural ecosystem. For the first time phosphine levels were investigated in the Earth's coldest, driest, and most southerly Antarctic biosphere. Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) was found in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments and soils. Phosphine concentrations varied with different sea animal guanos. Average phosphine concentrations in empire penguin, gentoo penguin, sea lion, skua and gull guanos were 2.54+/-1.28 ng kg(-1), 6.21+/-2.15 ng kg(-1), 9.12+/-4.66 ng kg(-1), 11.90+/-1.29 ng kg(-1) and 14.55+/-6.74 ng kg(-1), respectively. The contents of phosphorus in these various matrixes have an important effect on MBP concentrations. The levels of phosphine appeared an increasing tendency with the content of TP, IP and OP in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments or soils. The correlation between PH(3) and Fe, Mn, Al in these matrixes was also analyzed and discussed. Phosphine showed an obviously positive correlation with Fe in sea animal guanos. However, excessively high Fe, Al and Mn may inhibit the formation of PH(3) in the ornithogenic soils or sediments in the Antarctic biosphere.     

氧化法处理水中酚的研究方法综述

目前氧化法处理含酚废水的方法有化学氧化法即臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂氧化法等，酶催化氧化法以及光化学氧化法即光敏化氧化、光催化氧化法等；分析了它们的优势及存在的问题；并提出了今后的研究方向，即臭氧-生物活性炭、臭氧辐射、臭氧-H2O2技术，水溶性酶制剂连接到固体载体上制成固化酶，H2O2－BAC、O3－H2O2－BAC联用技术等。     

水‑力作用下黏土孔隙结构演化规律研究进展∗

黏土的微结构直接决定宏观水?力学特性，然而现阶段绝大多数模型都是基于宏观参数所建立，由于缺乏微观机制的支撑，己经难以满足科研和工程需求。因此开展孔隙结构演化研究可以加深对非饱和土复杂水?力学特性的认识。在详细阐述黏土的孔径分布特征及双孔模型的基础上，全面回顾和总结了近年来水?力作用下黏土孔隙结构演化规律的研究成果与最新进展，并进行了相关讨论。结果表明：考虑颗粒集聚体的双孔模型（集聚体间孔隙与集聚体内孔隙）可以更好地解释黏土复杂的水?力学特性。水?力作用对黏土孔隙结构的影响机制不同，根据文献试验数据和理论分析初步总结出水?力作用下土孔隙结构的演化规律。外力荷载只显著影响集聚体间孔隙，对集聚体内孔隙基本不影响；含水率变化会改变土颗粒相对位置，继而影响这两类孔隙结构，但是土水相互作用复杂，导致含水率变化对土孔隙结构影响机制仍不清晰，并且没有统一认识。鉴于此，在研究土水相互作用对微观孔隙影响时应充分考虑物理?化学作用，并构建微观孔隙结构演化与宏观变形的定量关系，这也是今后需要深入研究的方向。