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排序方式: 共有160条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
91.
Nicolas Lecysyn Aurlia Dandrieux Frdric Heymes Pierre Slangen Laurent Munier Emmanuel Lapebie Christian Le Gallic Gilles Dusserre 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2008,21(6):627-634
Since the events of September 11, 2001, the possibility of an intentional act targeting the chemical process industry has become realistic. It is, therefore, a great concern to be able to predict the immediate consequences of such an act. This study is intended to improve our knowledge about the sequence of events that occurs when a high-speed bullet (>1000 m s−1) penetrates a vessel filled with toxic liquid. We find that, prior to liquid ejection, several well-defined phases occur, including the phenomenon known as the “hydraulic ram.” This paper focuses on projectile–target interactions and explains how the decay of projectile velocity is related to the initial conditions of the target. 相似文献
92.
Marchand G Lalonde M Beaudet Y Boivin G Villeneuve S Pépin C 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(8):869-876
Cotton workers are recognized as being at risk of developing occupational lung diseases. Some researchers have identified endotoxins as being a potential etiologic agent for some of the respiratory problems. This study wants to document the concentration of endotoxins found in the ambient air of textile mills where cotton fibers are handled and to identify the processing steps where the highest endotoxins concentrations in the air were found and the one where the relative limit values (RLVs) are exceeded. The 4 mills studied process cotton fibers. All the air samples were analyzed using the chromogenic Limulus Amoebocytes lysate LAL method using a kinetic detection principle based on the IRSST's standard method. In this study, a large variability in the concentrations of endotoxins in the air was observed, depending on the mill, the processing step, and the time. Despite these variations, some processes can be identified as being major generators of endotoxins in the ambient air of the mills. The highest concentrations were measured in the weaving and drawing processes and reached 10,000 EU m(-3) of air. The opening, cleaning, carding, spinning and drawing processes are the other major endotoxins generating processes with concentrations from 24 to 8,700 EU m(-3) of air. The endotoxins concentrations exceeded the RLVs for 55% of the workstations in this project. This study demonstrated that endotoxins levels in the cotton industry are high and appropriate control measures are needed. 相似文献
93.
Chantigny MH Rochette P Angers DA Bittman S Buckley K Massé D Bélanger G Eriksen-Hamel N Gasser MO 《Journal of environmental quality》2010,39(5):1545-1553
Treatment of liquid swine manure (LSM) offers opportunities to improve manure nutrient management. However, N2O fluxes and cumulative emissions resulting from application of treated LSM are not well documented. Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored following band-incorporation of 100 kg N ha(-1) of either mineral fertilizer, raw LSM, or four pretreated LSMs (anaerobic digestion; anaerobic digestion + flocculation: filtration; decantation) at the four-leaf stage of corn (Zea mays L.). In a clay soil, a larger proportion of applied N was lost as N2O with the mineral fertilizer (average of 6.6%) than with LSMs (3.1-5.0%), whereas in a loam soil, the proportion of applied N lost as N2O was lower with the mineral fertilizer (average of 0.4%) than with LSMs (1.2-2.4%). Emissions were related to soil NO3 intensity in the clay soil, whereas they were related to water-extractable organic C in the loam soil. This suggests that N2O production was N limited in the clay soil and C limited in the loam soil, and would explain the interaction found between N sources and soil type. The large N2O emission coefficients measured in many treatments, and the contradicting responses among N sources depending on soil type, indicate that (i) the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default value (1%) may seriously underestimate N2O emissions from fine-textured soils where fertilizer N and manure are band-incorporated, and (ii) site-specific factors, such as drainage conditions and soil properties (e.g., texture, organic matter content), have a differential influence on emissions depending on N source. 相似文献
94.
ris Flvia Sousa Gonalves Terezinha Maria Souza Leonardo Rogrio Vieira Filipi Calbaizer Marchi Adailton Pascoal Nascimento Davi Felipe Farias 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10185-10204
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) has arisen as a promising biological platform for toxicity testing of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the use of zebrafish in models of exposure to investigate the diversity of pesticide-associated toxicity endpoints which have been reported. Thus, this review aimed to assess the recent literature on the use of zebrafish in pesticide toxicity studies to capture data on the types of pesticide used, classes of pesticides, and zebrafish life stages associated with toxicity endpoints and phenotypic observations. A total of 352 articles published between September 2012 and May 2019 were curated. The results show an increased trend in the use of zebrafish for testing the toxicity of pesticides, with a great diversity of pesticides (203) and chemical classes (58) with different applications (41) being used. Furthermore, experimental outcomes could be clustered in 13 toxicity endpoints, mainly developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid, azole, and triazine were the most studied classes of pesticides and associated with various toxicity endpoints. Studies frequently opted for early life stages (embryos and larvae). Although there is an evident lack of standardization of nomenclatures and phenotypic alterations, the information gathered here highlights associations between (classes of) pesticides and endpoints, which can be used to relate mechanisms of action specific to certain classes of chemicals. 相似文献
95.
Josée Lefebvre Gilles Gauthier Jean-François Giroux Austin Reed Eric T. Reed Luc Bélanger 《Ambio》2017,46(2):262-274
Between the early 1900s and the 1990s, the greater snow goose Anser caerulescens atlanticus population grew from 3000 individuals to more than 700 000. Because of concerns about Arctic degradation of natural habitats through overgrazing, a working group recommended the stabilization of the population. Declared overabundant in 1998, special management actions were then implemented in Canada and the United States. Meanwhile, a cost–benefit socioeconomic analysis was performed to set a target population size. Discussions aiming towards attaining a common vision were undertaken with stakeholders at multiple levels. The implemented measures have had varying success; but population size has been generally stable since 1999. To be effective and meet social acceptance, management actions must have a scientific basis, result from a consensus among stakeholders, and include an efficient monitoring programme. In this paper, historical changes in population size and management decisions along with past and current challenges encountered are discussed. 相似文献
96.
Pierre-André Jouvet Philippe Michel Gilles Rotillon 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(1):1-11
We are interested in the impact of pollution permits on wages and profits. We analyze important consequences of introducing
a market of pollution permits. A fundamental issue concerns the initial allocation of such permits: should they be allocated
freely by grandfathering or be auctioned. The international symmetric case allows us to capture the essence of the problem
on income factor. We show that allocating permits to factors in proportion of their contribution to production leads to an
efficient (neoclassical) distribution. Considering the international asymmetric case, we show that a permit market does not
modify the competitive world equilibrium without permits when the total allocation is large enough. When it is not, if allocation
of permits is not proportional to the emissions in the world without permits, there is a reduction factor of emissions that
results from the equilibrium allocation of capital. 相似文献
97.
98.
Drei neue Nickelenzyme aus anaeroben Bakterien 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rudolf K. Thauer Astrid Brandis-Heep Gabriele Diekert Hans -Harald Gilles Ernst Günther Graf Rolf Jaenchen Peter Schönheit 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1983,70(2):60-64
Until recently nickel was not considered to be an element of biological importance. Nutritional studies have shown, however, that many eucaryotic and procaryotic organisms are dependent on the transition metal for growth. Four enzymes are presently known to contain nickel: urease from plants and from bacteria; methyl CoM reductase from methanogenic bacteria; all “uptake” hydrogenases investigated so far; and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from anaerobic bacteria. The prosthetic group of the methyl CoM reductase has been identified as a nickel tetrapyrrole, the structure of which has been elucidated. 相似文献
99.
Françoise Gay-Andrieu Pierre Marty Jean Pialat Gilles Sournies Thierry Drier de Laforte François Peyron 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(7):558-560
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis relies on the PCR test on amniotic fluid and ultrasound follow-up of the fetus. We report two cases of toxoplasma infection during the first trimester of gestation with a discrepant diagnosis of fetal infection. PCR performed more than four weeks after the estimated date of contamination was negative. Ultrasound follow-up was normal up to the third trimester when major hydrocephalus was detected, leading to pregnancy termination. In both cases, post-mortem examination revealed a diffuse infection with severe brain lesions. These observations confirm the necessity to continue a monthly ultrasound follow-up, even if amniocentesis is negative, in case of fetal toxoplasma infection in pregnancy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
100.