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151.
Susan A. Weiner David A. Galbraith Dean C. Adams Nicole Valenzuela Fernando B. Noll Christina M. Grozinger Amy L. Toth 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(8):795-799
DNA methylation plays an important role in the epigenetic control of developmental and behavioral plasticity, with connections to the generation of striking phenotypic differences between castes (larger, reproductive queens and smaller, non-reproductive workers) in honeybees and ants. Here, we provide the first comparative investigation of caste- and life stage-associated DNA methylation in several species of bees and vespid wasps displaying different levels of social organization. Our results reveal moderate levels of DNA methylation in most bees and wasps, with no clear relationship to the level of sociality. Strikingly, primitively social Polistes dominula paper wasps show unusually high overall DNA methylation and caste-related differences in site-specific methylation. These results suggest DNA methylation may play a role in the regulation of behavioral and physiological differences in primitively social species with more flexible caste differences. 相似文献
152.
The notion that corporations are expected to have social and environmental performance standards and practices while meeting their financial and legal obligations is commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR) or corporate sustainability (CS). Previous studies have discussed whether the two terms are converging or should be used as stand-alone concepts. After reviewing the trends in development of CSR and CS, and the various viewpoints on the relationships between the two, we propose a relationship model to better understand how CSR can be integrated into CS as either a transitional stage or ultimate goal for a corporation. This study aims to provide researchers and practitioners with further insights on the adoption of CSR and CS. The model is intended to provide a plausible view of the relationships between CSR and CS to help to lessen the confusion and ease the communication both between and within these fields. 相似文献
153.
Junge T Meyer KC Ciecielski K Adams A Schaffer A Schmidt B 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(2):137-149
Recently, we reported on soil fate of SDZ residues amended with pig manure treated with 1?C-labeled sulfadiazine 1?C-SDZ). The first objective of the present study was to determine whether this strategy can be substituted by application of 1?C-SDZ to soil. The second objective was to characterize non-extractable SDZ residues by fractionation, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and solid state 13C-NMR. The fate of 1?C-SDZ was examined for 28 d, using two soils with and without amendment of pig manure. Mineralization of 1?C-SDZ was low; extractable residues decreased to 7-30%. Compared to the previous study, results were similar. 1?C-SDZ derived bound radioactivity was found in HCl-washings, fulvic, humic acids and humin. According to SEC, one bound 1?C portion (70%) co-eluted with fulvic acids (above 910 g mol?1); the other consisted of adsorbed/entrapped 1?C-SDZ. The 13C-SDZ study was performed for 30 d; humic acids were examined by 13C-NMR. A signal (100-150 ppm) was referred to 13C-SDZ. SEC and 13C-NMR demonstrated rapid integration of SDZ into humics. 相似文献
154.
Benjamin S. Rashford Richard M. Adams JunJie Wu Richard A. Voldseth Glenn R. Guntenspergen Brett Werner W. Carter Johnson 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(2):515-526
Wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is closely linked to climate. A warmer and drier climate, as predicted, will negatively affect the productivity of PPR wetlands and the services they provide. The effect of climate change on wetland productivity, however, will not only depend on natural processes (e.g., evapotranspiration), but also on human responses. Agricultural land use, the predominant use in the PPR, is unlikely to remain static as climate change affects crop yields and prices. Land use in uplands surrounding wetlands will further affect wetland water budgets and hence wetland productivity. The net impact of climate change on wetland productivity will therefore depend on both the direct effects of climate change on wetlands and the indirect effects on upland land use. We examine the effect of climate change and land-use response on semipermanent wetland productivity by combining an economic model of agricultural land-use change with an ecological model of wetland dynamics. Our results suggest that the climate change scenarios evaluated are likely to have profound effects on land use in the North and South Dakota PPR, with wheat displacing other crops and pasture. The combined pressure of land-use and climate change significantly reduces wetland productivity. In a climate scenario with a +4 °C increase in temperature, our model predicts that almost the entire region may lack the wetland productivity necessary to support wetland-dependent species. 相似文献
155.
Donald F. Adams 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):963-968
This paper presents initial measurement data on the emission of volatile, reduced sulfur-containing gases from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) storage ponds. Several different types of FGD stored sludges were studied including lime, limestone, and mixtures of fly ash and lime or limestone residues, some of which had been chemically stabilized. The volatile sulfur gas emissions were cryogenically concentrated and determined by wall-coated, open-tubular capillary column gas chromatography using a flame photometric detector. Hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and an unusual, unidentified sulfur-containing compound were found in the gaseous pond flux. Benzene, toluene, and α-pinene were also identified by gas chromatography-single ion monitoring mass spectrometry. The total reduced sulfur gas emission from a 100 acre pond approximated 2.0 kg day?1 (as sulfur). 相似文献
156.
Walter R. Hill Michael G. Ryon John G. Smith S. Marshall Adams Harry L. Boston Arthur J. Stewart 《Environmental management》2010,45(3):563-576
The effects of pollutants on primary producers ramify through ecosystems because primary producers provide food and structure
for higher trophic levels and they mediate the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and contaminants. Periphyton (attached
algae) were studied as part of a long-term biological monitoring program designed to guide remediation efforts by the Department
of Energy’s Y-12 National Security Complex on East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. High concentrations of
nutrients entering EFPC were responsible for elevated periphyton production and placed the stream in a state of eutrophy.
High rates of primary production at upstream locations in EFPC were associated with alterations in both invertebrate and fish
communities. Grazers represented >50% of the biomass of invertebrates and fish near the Y-12 Complex but <10% at downstream
and reference sites. An index of epilithic periphyton production accounted for 95% of the site-to-site variation in biomass
of grazing fish. Analyses of heavy metals in EFPC periphyton showed that concentrations of zinc, cadmium, copper and nickel
in periphyton decreased exponentially with distance downstream from Y-12. Zinc uptake by periphyton was estimated to reduce
the concentration of this metal in stream water ~60% over a 5-km reach of EFPC. Management options for mitigating eutrophy
in EFPC include additional reductions in nutrient inputs and/or allowing streamside trees to grow and shade the stream. However,
reducing periphyton growth may lead to greater downstream transport of contaminants while simultaneously causing higher concentrations
of mercury and PCBs in fish at upstream sites. 相似文献
157.
Some researches studied the removal of steroid estrogens by enzymatic treatment, however none verified the residual estrogenicity after the enzymatic treatment at environmental conditions. In this study, the residual estrogenic activities of the key natural and synthetic steroid estrogens were investigated following enzymatic treatment with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and laccase from Trametes versicolor. Synthetic water and municipal wastewater containing environmental concentrations of estrone, 17beta-estradiol, estriol, and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol were treated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the studied steroid estrogens were completely oxidized in the wastewater reaction mixture after a 1-h treatment with either HRP (8-10 U ml(-1)) or laccase (20 U ml(-1)). Using the recombinant yeast assay, it was also confirmed that both enzymatic treatments were very efficient in removing the estrogenic activity of the studied steroid estrogens. The laccase-catalyzed process seemed to present great advantages over the HRP-catalyzed system for up-scale applications for the treatment of municipal wastewater. 相似文献
158.
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160.
Oluwafemi S. Obayori Sunday A. Adebusoye Adams O. Adewale Ganiyu O. Oyetibo Odunola O. Oluyemi Rashid A. Amokun Matthew O. Ilori 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(2):243-248
Four hydrocarbon degraders isolated from enriched oil- and asphalt-contaminated soils in Lagos, Nigeria, were tested for their
petroleum degradation potentials. All the isolates were identified as species of Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas putida P11 demonstrated a
strong ability to degrade kerosene, gasoline, diesel, engine oil and crude oil while P. aeruginosa BB3 exhibited fair degradative ability
on crude oil, gasoline, engine oil, anthracene and pyrene but weak on kerosene, diesel and dibenzothiophene. Pseudomonas putida
WL2 and P. aeruginosa MVL1 grew on crude oil and all its cuts tested with the latter possessing similar polycyclic aromatic potentials
as P11. All the strains grew logarithmically with 1–2 orders of magnitude and with generation time ranging significantly between 3.07
and 8.55 d at 0.05 level of confidence. Strains WL2 and MVL1 utilized the oil substrate best with more than 70% in 6 d experimental
period, whereas the same feat was achieved by P11 in 12 d period. BB3 on the other hand degraded only 46% within 6 d. Interestingly,
data obtained from gas chromatographic analysis of oil recovered from the culture fluids of MVL1 confirmed near-disappearance of
major peaks (including aliphatics and aromatics) in the hydrocarbon mixture. 相似文献