资源环境承载力约束下产业转移区域布局研究——以印染产业为例

以区域资源环境承载力和产业转移为理论指导,从规划保障、经济需求、产业链发展条件、水资源保护、水环境保护五个方面构建印染产业布局评价指标体系,运用主成分聚类分析法以河南省18个省辖市作为承接印染产业转移的备选城市进行综合评价,并根据分析结果将备选地区分为4个类别,提出每类地区在资源和环境约束下承接印染产业转移的策略,以期为我国中西部地区承接产业转移过程中协调资源环境与区域空间布局关系提供理论基础和经验借鉴.     

电子电器生产企业物料流动分析方法研究

有效地控制电子企业环境污染,提高资源的利用率,回收有价值的资源,是电子企业的必然选择。建立了以物质守恒定律为依据的物料流动平衡分析式和平衡图,提出了物料平衡对象的选择,研究了物料流动分析方法,确定数据获取的方法与边界,阐述了提高生产效率、降低物耗和能耗、回收资源的解决方案。     

Community Sustainability Plans to enable change towards sustainable practice – a Scottish case study

There is a need for a global shift towards a low-carbon society and this requires action at the local level. The aim of the study into sustainable community development is to clarify the role of a community as a whole rather than the role of individuals within that community. Mixed methods of literature review and empirical study have been used to translate the knowledge and experience with urban sustainable development into empirical knowledge of a rural, market town setting. The exemplary case study is the Scottish market town Huntly. The main findings of the study show the need for three ingredients for a Community Sustainability Plan for a town such as Huntly. Community involvement is crucial in developing such plans in a rural setting. Further research in more remote settings, e.g. coastal and island communities, is needed to allow broader conclusions on rural sustainable development.     

Solitary behavior in a high-altitude population of the social sweat bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

In the subalpine region of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, United States, Halictus rubicundus has a solitary life cycle, but it is social in other parts of its known range. The brood is protandrous, with a nearly equal investment in the sexes. Productivity averages 6.5 offspring per foundress female, similar to the second brood of social nests in New York, but less than the combined productivity of both New York broods. Leucophora sp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is the principal cause of brood mortality in Colorado. Foundress females in about half the nests survive until brood emerge as adults. Retention of these foundresses decreases offspring mortality by 68%. Comparable abilities to express solitary behavior with a single brood may characterize other eusocial halictine lineages that have successfully invaded high altitudes in the Rocky Mountains. The apparent inability to do this may help explain the absence of other eusocial halictine bees and polistine wasps at high altitudes, despite their success at lower elevations in the same mountains. Presence or absence of this ability may help explain latitudinal distributions of these lineages in North America. Holarctic distributions of lineages with eusocial behavior can be explained by migration as solitary populations from Eurasia to North America across Pleistocene Bering land bridges, with re-expression of double-brooded, eusocial behavior when the species then extended their ranges southward in North America. Received: 4 November 1994/Accepted after revision: 23 October 1995     

Homeward paths of displaced juvenile alligators as determined by radiotelemetry

Summary To test their ability to home without searching or wandering, 19 juvenile alligators were radiotracked after displacement to areas 1–10 home range diameters beyond their areas of familiarity. Movement rates varied inversely with vegetation density, and in some cases habitat barriers appeared to deflect an alligator's homeward path. However, failures to home occurred only in those cases where major habitat barriers separated an alligator from its home site. In all other cases the alligators headed directly homeward; at least 10 of these completed their homeward journeys. The orienting ability of the alligators was neither dependent on the conditions under which they were displaced, nor the environmental conditions prevailing after release. These observations support the hypothesis that alligators possess a true navigational ability.     

Emissions trading: An improved technique for air quality management

The emissions trading program was one of the first major regulatory reform efforts at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Reagan Administration. This program is a set of guidelines for the states to develop federally approved transactions in discharge permits, called an Emission Reduction Credit. The rules governing emissions trading apply within a total ambient constraint or “pollution budget.” This paper provides a discussion of the emissions trading program as an improved technique for air quality management. The paper begins with a discussion of the concept of emissions trading and how the EPA emissions trading program fits into the U.S. Clean Air Act. It is then argued that emissions trading provides a more cost-effective set of implementation incentives in comparison to a “command and control” regulatory system. A number of important attributes of the emissions trading program are discussed, and estimates of cost reductions are provided. The current status of the implementation of the emissions trading program is discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of several legal, technical, and administrative obstacles to obtaining the efficiencies of emissions trading.     

不同材料固定香菇废弃菌柄对铅和镉的吸附

研究了用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA),海藻酸钠(SA)和琼脂三种材料固定香菇(Lentinus edodes)废弃菌柄制作成吸附小球的理化特性,初步比较了三种小球和自由菌粉的吸附能力,在此基础上进一步分析了PVA-SA香菇小球吸附Pb2+和Cd2+的动力学。结果表明,PVA-SA香菇小球的成球性,机械强度和耐酸性最好。固定小球的吸附能力比自由菌粉的有所下降,以Cd的吸附率降低幅度较大,PVA-SA香菇小球和SA香菇小球对Pb的吸附率降低幅度较小,吸附率分别为92.4%和92.7%,对Cd的吸附率分别为55.9%和58.66%。伪二级动力学模型能够很好的拟合固定小球对Pb2+和Cd2+吸附的动力学过程,相关系数R2分别为0.9999和0.9904,由伪二级动力学方程得到的Pb2+和Cd2+理论平衡吸附量qe分别为0.4926和0.1448mg/g,跟实验测定获得的数据0.4635mg/g和0.1423mg/g相近。     

江南某污水厂A-A2/O工艺生物脱氮运行过程研究

污水厂采用A-A2/O工艺,采取对回流污泥预反硝化及分段进水的方法.TN平均去除率为63.2%,出水达标率为57.2%,出水TN不稳定,去除率低,达标率低.好氧池硝化效果好,污泥反硝化池没有发挥其作用,缺氧池反硝化不彻底.建议适当的增加污泥反硝化池进水碳源和停留时间;把好氧池的前段改做缺氧池;适当的降低好氧池曝气量;通过实验调试,确定最佳的硝化液回流量.     

Capture of carbon dioxide by amine-impregnated as-synthesized MCM-41

The novel carbon dioxide(CO2) adsorbents with a high capture effciency were prepared through impregnating the as-synthesized MCM-41 with three kinds of amines,namely diethylenetriamine(DETA) ,triethylenetetramine(TETA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) .The resultant samples were characterized by small angle X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption.The synthesis way not only saves the energy or extractor to remove the template but also is environmentally friendly due to the absence of the potential pollutants such as toluene.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column.The sample impregnated by TETA showed the highest adsorption capacity,approximately 2.22 mmol/g at 60°C due to its highest amino-groups content among the three amines.The CO2 adsorption behavior was also investigated with the deactivation model,which showed an excellent prediction for the breakthrough curves.