基于IMB模型的公务机乘客不安全行为干预策略研究

为提高公务机乘客安全意识,阻止不安全事件发生,本文基于IMB模型随机选取公务机乘客作为研究对象,其中干预组91例进行额外延续性教育干预,对照组97例.采用邦费罗尼法对2组乘客在不同时间点的自我管理行为得分比较,干预组得分显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结果表明,基于IMB模型为乘客提供信息、动机和行为技巧的整体干预,能够有效影响乘客的自我管理行为,提高乘客的安全意识,可在一定程度上有效阻止不安全事件的发生.     

外秦淮河疏浚后底泥重金属污染与潜在生态风险评价

简要介绍了Hakanson的生态风险指数法,用该法对疏浚后外秦淮河南京市区段丰水期和枯水期采集的13处底泥样品进行分析,评价重金属对水域的污染程度及其对水域造成的潜在生态风险影响。结果表明,除清凉门大桥污染程度和潜在风险略高外,外秦淮河其他市区段底泥重金属污染程度及其对水域造成的潜在生态风险较低;疏浚后外秦淮河底泥中的重金属在短期内得到控制,一段时间后重金属污染仍然存在。对有效磷与重金属污染物之间的关系作相关分析,其中有效磷和全量铅之间的线性相关系数0963 5,说明磷与铅具有同源性。     

城市河流底质粒径与重金属污染状况分析

河流底质是河流水体的重要组成部分,是污染物的主要归宿场所。重金属主要通过吸附、络合、生物吸收等过程进入河流底质中,河流底质粒径是影响重金属吸附量的重要因素之一,而在有机质含量较高的河流底质中,底质粒径和有机质的吸附作用共同影响着重金属在底质上的吸附量。通过对苏北某城市河流底质进行粒径分级实验和有机质含量测定,研究了底质粒径与重金属（Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr）含量的关系以及底质中有机质含量对重金属吸附量的影响。     

Sorption of metal ions from aqueous solution using bone char

The sorption of cadmium, copper and zinc from aqueous solutions onto bone char has been studied in both single and binary multi-component systems. Equilibrium experimental studies have been performed to determine the sorption capacity of bone char for each metal ion. The isotherm results have been analysed using single and multi-component equilibrium models. The rate of sorption of the metal ions onto bone char has been studied using an agitated batch adsorber. The concentration versus time decay curves have been measured and a number of mass transfer models have been developed and tested based on diffusion controlled sorption. The results of the equilibrium and rate studies are presented and discussed in the paper. The possible mechanisms of metal sorption are also discussed. Finally a series of fixed bed column studies have been performed and analysed using a diffusion mass transport model. The experimental results show a displacement effect for the binary metal ion breakthrough curves.     

Work environment and the well-being of clerical and VDT workers

This paper explores the relationships between extent of video display terminal usage, perceptions of the physical work environment, task characteristics, and workers' health and well-being among a group of 1032 female office clerical workers. Data are drawn from responses to a 30-minute questionnaire administered at four employment sites during 1981 and 1982. All-day terminal users reported significantly higher levels of job and physical environment stressors than part-day VDT users, typists and non machine-interactive clerical workers. Reports of musculo-skeletal strain and dissatisfaction were also highest among all day terminal users. Part-day VDT users, typists and clerks all reported relatively similar levels of job and physical working conditions, health symptoms and job satisfaction. No significant differences between any of the groups were observed for gastrointestinal, respiratory, psychological and other non-specific health complaints. Typists and clerical workers who also held supervisory positions reported fewer stressors and greater job satisfaction than workers with no supervisory tasks; however there were no such differences between supervisors and non-supervisors engaged in all-day VDT work. Implications of these findings for further research and for job redesign strategies to alleviate the potentially stressful aspects of office automation are discussed.     

双洞小间距下穿轨道线的安全施工方法与爆破动力分析

重庆轨道交通十号线红土地站双洞隧道5.06m小间距下穿轨道六号线,为保证六号线的结构安全和正常运行,采用铣挖机开挖与爆破开挖相结合的施工方法。有限元爆破动力分析表明,与全部采用爆破开挖相比,六号线结构竖向最大振动速度由4.74cm/s减小到0.941cm/s,满足轨道安全需要。施工中监测数据证明了数值分析结果具有较高的可靠性。本文提出采用铣挖机开挖与爆破开挖相结合的施工方法,既能保证施工进度,又满足安全稳定需要,值得在同类工程施工中推广应用。     

大通河流域降水结构的演变特征及其驱动力探究

论文以青藏高原大通河流域为例,分别采用基于日、月降雨集中度指标（CI和CIM）,表征大通河流域的降水结构特征,并分析其演变特征;采用交叉小波分析探究太阳黑子和大气环流异常指数太平洋10 a涛动（PDO）、厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）、北极涛动（AO）与流域降水结构变化的联系。结果表明：1）流域南部的年均CI值高于北部,中部的年均CIM值高于流域其他部分;2）流域年CI值上升趋势明显,而其年CIM值具有明显下降趋势,且两者的一致性被破坏;3）太阳黑子对于流域降水结构影响最为显著,AO和ENSO的影响次之,PDO的影响最弱。研究成果有助于揭示大通河流域降水结构的驱动机理,为其模拟与预测奠定坚实的基础。     

含能材料反应釜温度模型仿真辨识

目的验证一种基于遗忘因子最小二乘法(FFRLS)的含能材料反应釜温度预测模型辨识方法的正确性和有效性。方法首先利用基于机理建模方法对系统模型进行分段处理,并得到其具体结构,然后结合历史数据,利用FFRLS对系统模型参数进行辨识,最后得到含能材料反应釜温度仿真模型。结果在Matlab仿真平台上对该方法的正确性和有效性进行验证,模型参数慢时变状态下该方法辨识参数的模型参数均方根误差(RMSE)皆小于10%,模型参数突变状态下,参数RMSE最小为5.89%,最大为18.69%。结论该方法能准确、有效地对含能材料反应釜温度模型进行辨识。