The effect of excess Zn on mineral nutrition and antioxidative response in rapeseed seedlings

Zinc (Zn) is a necessary element for plants, but excess Zn can be detrimental. To investigate Zn toxicity, rapeseed (Brassica napus) seedlings were treated with 0.07–1.12 mM Zn for 7 d. Inhibition of plant growth along with root damage, chlorosis and decreased chlorophyll (a and b) content in newly expanded leaves (the second and third leaves formed following cotyledons) were found under Zn stress. The Zn content increased in plants under external Zn stress, while concentrations of phosphorus, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium reduced significantly, especially in roots. Meanwhile, increased lipid peroxidation was detected biochemically and histochemically. Compared with controls, NADH oxidase and peroxidase (POD) activity increased in leaves and roots of plants under high Zn, but superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities decreased. The changes in glutathione S-transferase activity and in ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbate, non-protein thiols and glutathione contents were also measured under Zn stress. Isoforms of SOD and POD were separated using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their activities were analyzed. Our results suggested that excess Zn exerts its toxicity partially through disturbing nutrient balance and inducing oxidative stress in plants. These data will be helpful for better understanding of toxicity of Zn and the adaptive mechanism in Zn non-hyperaccumulator plants.     

R134a在水平环形通道内的凝结换热性能

在空气源热泵热水器中,对水平套管冷凝器环形通道内R134a的凝结换热特性进行实验研究。在冷凝器不同进水流量、进水温度时,实验测试了水平套管冷凝器凝结换热系数随热流密度、冷凝压力及干度的变化。实验工况为:冷凝器的进水流量为0.6~1.0 m~3/h,进水温度为15~60℃。实验结果表明:水平环形通道内R134a的凝结换热系数随热流密度和冷凝压力(温度)的升高而减小,当冷凝压力为1.3 MPa,热流密度由18 k W/m2增加至20.5 k W/m~2时,R134a的凝结换热系数减小了6.9%;当热流密度为15 k W/m~2,冷凝压力由1.78 MPa增大至1.83 MPa时,R134a的凝结换热系数减小了5.8%。R134a的局部凝结换热系数随干度的增大而增大,当冷凝压力为1.1 MPa,热流密度为18.3 k W/m~2,制冷剂干度由0.1增大至0.9时,R134a的局部凝结换热系数增大了24.4%。     

大通河流域降水结构的演变特征及其驱动力探究

论文以青藏高原大通河流域为例,分别采用基于日、月降雨集中度指标（CI和CIM）,表征大通河流域的降水结构特征,并分析其演变特征;采用交叉小波分析探究太阳黑子和大气环流异常指数太平洋10 a涛动（PDO）、厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）、北极涛动（AO）与流域降水结构变化的联系。结果表明：1）流域南部的年均CI值高于北部,中部的年均CIM值高于流域其他部分;2）流域年CI值上升趋势明显,而其年CIM值具有明显下降趋势,且两者的一致性被破坏;3）太阳黑子对于流域降水结构影响最为显著,AO和ENSO的影响次之,PDO的影响最弱。研究成果有助于揭示大通河流域降水结构的驱动机理,为其模拟与预测奠定坚实的基础。     

含能材料反应釜温度模型仿真辨识

目的验证一种基于遗忘因子最小二乘法(FFRLS)的含能材料反应釜温度预测模型辨识方法的正确性和有效性。方法首先利用基于机理建模方法对系统模型进行分段处理,并得到其具体结构,然后结合历史数据,利用FFRLS对系统模型参数进行辨识,最后得到含能材料反应釜温度仿真模型。结果在Matlab仿真平台上对该方法的正确性和有效性进行验证,模型参数慢时变状态下该方法辨识参数的模型参数均方根误差(RMSE)皆小于10%,模型参数突变状态下,参数RMSE最小为5.89%,最大为18.69%。结论该方法能准确、有效地对含能材料反应釜温度模型进行辨识。     

九寨沟自然保护区生态水的计量与评价研究

通过对不同植被类型的土壤和枯落物水分储量的计量与评价分析,认为近20年来九寨沟自然保护区植被生态水总储量的变化呈增加趋势,且林地生态水储量占各时段生态水总量的比例均较大,表明国家各项林业生态建设与保护工程的实施起到了积极的作用。今后应继续加大各项工程的建设力度,进一步提高区内植被生态水的储量,为世界自然遗产的保护、利用和发展奠定坚实的基础。     

Formaldehyde concentration and its influencing factors in residential homes after decoration at Hangzhou, China

Air pollution surveys of formaldehyde(HCHO) were conducted in 2324 rooms decorated within one year in 2007-2009 in Hangzhou,China.The mean HCHO concentration(C HCHO) was 0.107 ± 0.095 mg/m 3,and 38.9% of samples exceeded the Chinese National Standard GB 50325-2010.Over the past 3 years,the C HCHO decreased with time(p < 0.05).Relationships of potential factors to indoor C HCHO were also evaluated.C HCHO was related to temperature(T),relative humidity(RH),time duration of the windows and doors being closed before sampling(DC),time duration from the end of decoration to sampling(DR) and source characteristics(d).A model to relate indoor C HCHO to these five factors(T,RH,DC,DR,d) was established based on 298 samples(R 2 = 0.87).Various factors contributed to C HCHO in the following order:T,43.7%;d,31.0%;DC,10.2%;DR,8.0%;RH,7.0%;specifically,meteorological conditions(i.e.,RH plus T) accounted for 50.7%.The coefficient of T and RH,R TH,was proposed to describe their combined influence on HCHO emission,which also had a linear relationship(R 2 = 0.9387) with HCHO release in a simulation chamber test.In addition,experiments confirm that it is a synergistic action as T and RH accelerate the release of HCHO,and that is a significant factor influencing indoor HCHO pollution.These achievements could lead to reference values of measures for the efficient reduction of indoor HCHO pollution.     

污染类项目环境监理工作的实践与探索

建设项目环境监理是中国的一项新的环境保护制度,可以减小施工期的环境污染和生态破坏.结合污染类项目的环境监理工作的实践,重点阐述污染类项目环境监理内容、工作目标,以及在环境监理工作中存在的问题,并提出建议.     

电镀废水处理工程设计

电镀废水中合有氰化物,酸,碱以及六价铬,铜,锌,镉,镍等重金属污染物,毒性很大,危害严重.因此,电镀废水的治理仍是一个不可忽略的问题.本设计针对镀锌废水,根据我国现行的环保法规,采用化学沉淀法对废水进行处理.出水可达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8996-1996).本工艺通过对离子交换法和电解法的比较,采用化学沉淀法为主体工艺,并结合过滤技术对镀锌废水进行处理,同时对主要处理构筑物和设备进行了设计计算和选型并对工艺效益和工艺成本进行初步分析,经处理后的电镀废水达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8996-1996).     

南京大气PM10谱分布和细粒子中多环芳烃的研究

文章使用分级采样器采集夏秋两季南京市不同功能区的大气PM10样品,运用GC-MS等方法,研究细粒子中的多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征和污染来源。结果表明:各功能区秋季细粒子质量浓度均大于夏季,本底区细粒子质量浓度最低,为41.7～59.0μg/m3;交通商业区浓度最高,为206.5～467.0μg/m3。各功能区PM1...     

鞍山地震应急救援体系建设的现状及建议

在总结鞍山地震应急工作经验的基础上,详细分析了鞍山市地震应急救援工作的成绩和不足之处,并对应急救援体系建设提出了几点建议.