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41.
The present study investigated the emissions of naphthalene and other compounds from several different moth repellents(MRs) and one toilet deodorant block(TDB)currently sold in Korea,using a headspace analysis.The emission factors and emission rates of naphthalene were studied using a small-scale environmental chamber.Paper-type products emitted a higher concentration of the total volatile organic compounds(VOCs)(normalized to the weight of test piece)than ball-type products,which in turn emitted higher ... 相似文献
42.
M. Alier M. Dall Osto Y.-H. Lin J. D. Surratt R. Tauler J. O. Grimalt B. L. van Drooge 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11649-11660
Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs), represented by anhydro-saccharides, dicarboxylic acids, and polyols, were analyzed by gas chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry in extracts from 103 PM1 and 22 PM2.5 filter samples collected in an urban background and road site in Barcelona (Spain) and an urban background site in Los Angeles (USA), respectively, during 1-month intensive sampling campaigns in 2010. Both locations have similar Mediterranean climates, with relatively high solar radiation and frequent anti-cyclonic conditions, and are influenced by a complex mixture of emission sources. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares analyses were applied on the database in order to resolve differences and similarities in WSOC compositions in the studied sites. Five consistent clusters for the analyzed compounds were obtained, representing primary regional biomass burning organic carbon, three secondary organic components (aged SOC, isoprene SOC, and α-pinene SOC), and a less clear component, called urban oxygenated organic carbon. This last component is probably influenced by in situ urban activities, such as food cooking and traffic emissions and oxidation processes. 相似文献
43.
Monica Montory Evelyn Habit Pilar Fernandez Joan O. Grimalt Ricardo Barra 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(2):221-227
This pilot study documented the occurrence and levels of brominated flame retardants in the tissues of farmed and wild salmon in southern Chile. Samples of Coho salmon and rainbow trout were obtained from fish farms, rivers and lakes in the Patagonia in Aysen Region, Chile. The samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Negative Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the different polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners. Contaminants were observed in all the samples, and the congeners BDE 17, 28, 47 and 66 were observed in all both farmed and wild samples. The concentrations were higher in the farmed Coho salmon, presenting significant differences with wild salmon. The levels reached 182 pg/g wet weight (ww) vs. 120 ww. In the case of the rainbow trout, the concentrations were lower, although the congener profile was quite similar. The levels reached an average of 100 pg/g ww in the farmed fish versus 110 pg/g ww in wild fish, and no significant difference was observed between the species. In both species, the congener with the highest concentration was BDE 47. Based on this information, the BDE flow was estimated for commerce, which is a form of pollutant transport not usually considered in POP pollution studies. A preliminary estimation indicated that the quantity of PBDEs mobilized by commerce was in the order of kg, and in the case of Chile might reach almost 1 kg. 相似文献
44.
Feo ML Eljarrat E Manaca MN Dobaño C Barcelo D Sunyer J Alonso PL Menendez C Grimalt JO 《Environment international》2012,38(1):67-72
Presence of pyrethroid insecticides in human breast milk and in thatch wall material of dwellings from Southern Africa subtropical area (Manhiça, Mozambique) was investigated to assess potential pyrethroid route of human exposure. Human breast milk samples were collected during 2002 when pyrethroids were widely used as insecticides for mosquito bed nets in Mozambique for malaria control. The median concentration value of total pyrethroids ranged between 87 and 1200 ng/g lw, with λ-cyhalothrin being the most predominant pyrethroid in human breast milk contributing for 35% of the total amount. Moreover, and for the first time, an isomer-specific enrichment was found in human breast milk, showing a selective isomeric accumulation or metabolism in the human body. Based on the calculated pyrethroid concentrations in human breast milk, the daily ingestion rate of pyrethroid was estimated. The nursing infant dietary intake ranged from 0.67 to 9.0 μg (kg of body weight)− 1 day− 1. In addition, thatch materials collected after the reintegration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethene (DDT) as insecticide residual spraying (IRS) in Mozambique, showed the presence of pyrethroids with concentration values ranging between 6.9 and 700 ng/g dw. In thatch material as well as in human breast milk, pyrethroid contamination was mainly attributed to the agriculture usage of this insecticide knowing that agriculture represent the 80% of the economy in Mozambique. However, a possible usage of this insecticide as IRS in Mozambique cannot be excluded despite their low efficiency for malaria control. The continued use of these compounds (both for agriculture and malaria prevention) and the ingestion rates calculated from the breast milk concentrations indicate that these insecticides cannot be overlooked for the assessment of the lactation risks of breastfeeding infants from the Manhiça region. 相似文献
45.
Miquel Porta Manuel Jariod Toms Lpez Jos Pumarega Elisa Puigdomnech Esther Marco Núria Malats Joan O. Grimalt Francisco X. Real for the PANKRAS II Study Group 《Environment international》2009,35(7):1080-1085
IntroductionWhen studying the effects of organochlorine compounds (OCs) on human health it is common to correct serum concentrations of OC by total lipids (TL). However, the relationship between serum OCs and serum TL is far from established in many diseases, including several cancers. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between serum OC and TL in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), and to explore several alternatives to perform the OC lipid correction.MethodsIncident cases of PDA were interviewed and had blood drawn soon around hospital admission (n = 144). Serum concentrations of OCs were analysed by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.ResultsMost patients with high TL had moderate or low concentrations of OCs. By contrast, the variability of OC values among patients with normal TL was large. Correlations were of a similar magnitude between OC and TL and between OC and total cholesterol; while these correlations were weak (all Spearman's ρ < 0.3 and R2 < 0.11), no OC were significantly correlated with triglycerides. Although all alternatives to the OC/TL linear ratio were statistically significant for at least one OC, their R2 was always below 10%.ConclusionsIn patients with severe diseases as PDA, linear correction of OC by TL as commonly performed in epidemiologic studies may be inappropriate. Results contribute to the scant literature on the rationale to correct serum concentrations of OC by lipids. They suggest that it is unwarranted to routinely correct OC by TL, offer ways to assess such need, and present alternatives as no TL correction, correction by total cholesterol only or use of different statistical models. 相似文献
46.
47.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition in soils and sediments of high altitude lakes 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Grimalt JO van Drooge BL Ribes A Fernández P Appleby P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,131(1):13-24
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in lake sediments and nearby soils of two European high mountain regions, Pyrenees and Tatra, have been studied. Similar mixtures of parent PAH were observed in all cases, indicating predominance of airborne transported combustion products. Nevertheless, the composition of these atmospherically long-range transported PAH was better preserved in the superficial layers of soils than sediments. This difference points to significant PAH degradation process, e.g. during lake water column transport, before accumulation in the latter. Post-depositional transformation was also different in both types of environmental compartments. Thus, lake sediments exhibit higher preservation of the more labile PAH involving lower degree of post-depositional oxidation. However, they also show the formation of major amounts of perylene by diagenetic transformation in the deep sections. This compound is not formed in soils where downcore enrichments of phenanthrene are observed, probably as a consequence of diagenetic aromatization of diterpenoids. 相似文献
48.
49.
Lucas A. Salas Laia Font-Riber Mariona Bustamante Lauro Sumoy Joan O. Grimalt Sarah Bonnin Maria Aguilar Heidi Mattlin Manuela Hummel Anna Ferrer Manolis Kogevinas Cristina M. Villanueva 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):250-261
Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM(chloroform,bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents(METs). Gene expression in whole blood m RNA was evaluated using Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression-Bead Chip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m~3 for exhaled total THM(sum of the four THM).Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m~3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate(Log-fold change range:-0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies. 相似文献
50.