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791.
The use of biochars formed by hydrothermal carbonization for the treatment of contaminated water has been greatly limited,due to their poorly developed porosity and low content of surface functional groups.Also,the most common modification routes inevitably require post-treatment processes,which are time-consuming and energy-wasting.Hence,the objective of this research was to produce a cost-effective biochar with improved performance for the treatment of heavy metal pollution through a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization process coupled with ammonium phosphate,thiocarbamide,ammonium chloride or urea,without any posttreatment.The effects of various operational parameters,including type of modification reagent,time and temperature of hydrothermal treatment,and ratio of modification reagent to precursor during impregnation,on the copper ion adsorption were examined.The adsorption data fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model quite well.The maximum adsorption capacities(mg/g) of the biochars towards copper ions followed the order of 40-8 h-1.0-APBC(95.24) 140-8 h-0-BC(12.52) 140-8 h-1.0-TUBC(12.08) 140-8 h-1.0-ACBC(7.440) 140-8 h-1.0-URBC(5.277).The results indicated that biochars modified with ammonium phosphate displayed excellent adsorption performance toward copper ions,which was 7.6-fold higher than that of the pristine biochar.EDX and FT-IR analyses before and after adsorption demonstrated that the main removal mechanism involved complexation between the phosphate groups on the surface of the modified biochars and copper ions. 相似文献
792.
Ying Han Wenbin Liu Haifeng Li Rongrong Lei Guorui Liu Lirong Gao Guijin Su 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(10):208-212
The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs) in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals(chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey) consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations(on a liquid volume basis) of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group,accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs(mean: 9.5%) contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs(mean: 6.5%). The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies(TEQs) were observed in cattle blood(117.4 fg TEQ/L) then chicken blood(117.1 fg TEQ/L). CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs,followed by CN70(20%) and CN66/67(14%). The dietary intakes of PCNs were also estimated.Chicken meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs(61%), followed by beef(27%) and pork(5.9%). The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat. 相似文献
793.
为分析东平湖有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收特性、来源和空间分布的季节变化,分别于2013年8、12月以及2014年3月采集了35个表层水样,分析了各基本水质参数、CDOM吸收系数[a(440)]、比吸收系数[a*(440)]和相对分子量参数M值的分布规律及CDOM吸收系数与水质参数之间的相关关系.结果表明:东平湖CDOM吸收系数a(440)呈现出枯水期 > 丰水期 > 平水期的规律,空间分布与CDOM比吸收系数[a*(440)]相似.M值呈现出丰水期 < 平水期 < 枯水期的变化趋势.丰水期CDOM吸收系数与叶绿素a(Chla)具有显著相关关系;丰、平水期两季CDOM吸收系数与DOC存在显著相关关系.丰水期CDOM同时受外源和内源输入的影响,但以内源输入为主,主要来源于浮游植物降解产物;老湖镇湖区外源特征明显.平水期CDOM亦受内源和外源输入的双重影响,但浮游植物的腐烂降解不是CDOM的主要来源;北部湖区以外源输入为主.枯水期CDOM整体表现出较强的自生源特征,但相关分析显示,浮游植物降解并不是CDOM的主要来源,自生源特征可能与挖沙活动导致的悬浮物浓度增高有关;东南湖区因大汶河输入的影响呈现出较强的外源特征.利用东平湖丰、平水期两季CDOM浓度反演DOC浓度具有可行性. 相似文献
794.
Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are key pollutants in coking wastewater; however, the functional potential of microbial communities for biodegradation of such contaminants during biological treatment is still elusive. Herein, a high throughput functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0) in combination with Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing was used to compare and characterize the microbial community functional structure in a long run (500 days) bench scale bioreactor treating coking wastewater, with a control system treating synthetic wastewater. Despite the inhibitory toxic pollutants, GeoChip 5.0 detected almost all key functional gene (average 61,940 genes) categories in the coking wastewater sludge. With higher abundance, aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenase genes including multi ring1,2diox; one ring2,3diox; catechol represented significant functional potential for degradation of aromatic pollutants which was further confirmed by Illumina HiSeq2500 analysis results. Response ratio analysis revealed that three nitrogenous compound degrading genes- nbzA (nitro-aromatics), tdnB (aniline), and scnABC (thiocyanate) were unique for coking wastewater treatment, which might be strong cause to increase ammonia level during the aerobic process. Additionally, HiSeq2500 elucidated carbozole and isoquinoline degradation genes in the system. These findings expanded our understanding on functional potential of microbial communities to remove organic nitrogenous pollutants; hence it will be useful in optimization strategies for biological treatment of coking wastewater. 相似文献
795.
采用活性炭管吸附废气中的乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯,经二硫化碳萃取解析,使用DM-1色谱柱分离后FID检测.实验结果表明:(1)采用活性炭管吸附废气中的目标组份,富集效率良好,二硫化碳解析率可达92%以上;(2)当乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的含量为6.8~102 ng时,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别在1.8% ~4.2%和3.2% ~6.1%之间(n=6);(3)当样品采集量为30 L时,方法检出限分别为0.02 mg·m-3和0.02 mg·m-3.因此,方法能满足实验对空气废气中的乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯的检测要求. 相似文献
796.
Shicheng Long Yun Zhu Carey Jang Che-Jen Lin Shuxiao Wang Bin Zhao Jian Gao Shuang Deng Junping Xie Xuezhen Qiu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(3):69-80
This article describes the development and application of a streamlined air control and response modeling system with a novel response surface modeling-linear coupled fitting method and a new module to provide streamlined model data for PM_(2.5) attainment assessment in China.This method is capable of significantly reducing the dimensions required to establish a response surface model,as well as capturing more realistic response of PM_(2.5) to emission changes with a limited number of model simulations.The newly developed module establishes a data link between the system and the Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition(SMAT-CE),and has the ability to rapidly provide model responses to emission control scenarios for SMAT-CE using a simple interface.The performance of this streamlined system is demonstrated through a case study of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) in China.Our results show that this system is capable of reproducing the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ) model simulation results with maximum mean normalized error 3.5%.It is also demonstrated that primary emissions make a major contribution to ambient levels of PM_(2.5) in January and August(e.g.,more than50%contributed by primary emissions in Shanghai),and Shanghai needs to have regional emission control both locally and in its neighboring provinces to meet China's annual PM_(2.5)National Ambient Air Quality Standard.The streamlined system provides a real-time control/response assessment to identify the contributions of major emission sources to ambient PM_(2.5)(and potentially O_3 as well) and streamline air quality data for SMAT-CE to perform attainment assessments. 相似文献
797.
Changzhou Xu Rongjun Qu Shasha Li Changmei Sun Ying Zhang Jingjing Gao Yuzhong Niu Qianli Ma Xiquan Song Shuangcheng Wang Chunxia Li 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2016,24(3):206-220
A series of nanaoscale aramid-based adsorbents were prepared by the functionalization of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) with different content of ethylenediamine (EDA). Their structures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. Metal ions, including Hg2+, Pb2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ were chosen as the models to explore the binding behaviors of PPTA–ECH–EDA in aqueous medium. Results showed that PPTA–ECH–EDA exhibited higher adsorption capacity for Hg2+ due to their nanoscale structures. In particular, the adsorption rate was so high that equilibrium was achieved within 15 min for Hg2+. The adsorption of Hg2+ on PPTA–ECH–EDA followed the pseudo second-order model well. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to fit the isothermal adsorption, and the results revealed that Freundlich isotherm was a better model to predict the experimental data. The adsorption mechanism was revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is preconceived that PPTA–ECH–EDA could be used as an effective adsorbent for fast removal of heavy ions from wastewater. 相似文献
798.
制备了锰粉改进的规整化微电解填料,采用电化学辅助改进微电解填料处理初始COD为6 153.6 mg/L、ρ(NH_3-N)为182.6 mg/L的焦化废水,优化了工艺条件。实验结果表明,电化学辅助微电解法处理焦化废水的最佳工艺条件为电压8 V,填料投加量20 g/L,初始废水pH 6,反应时间30 min。在此条件下废水COD去除率为75.3%,NH_3-N去除率为65.4%;在其他工艺条件相同的情况下,未通过电化学辅助的填料微电解反应的COD去除率为33.0%,NH_3-N去除率为16.2%,电化学辅助后的COD去除率和NH_3-N去除率均明显提高。 相似文献
799.
为探索加油站埋地油罐油气爆炸破坏效应,搭建埋地油罐燃爆试验平台,在油罐内布置压力传感器和温度传感器,在人孔井周围布置热流传感器,向罐内注入少量汽油,利用鼓吹方式使油气浓度达到爆炸极限,通过电火花点火模拟清罐、检修过程中的爆炸事故,掌握埋地油罐、人孔井及周围环境受爆炸影响的压力冲击波和热辐射数据。结果表明,加油站发生埋地油罐敞口爆炸时,爆炸会对罐壁产生峰值强度为100~400 k Pa的冲击波。爆炸形成的火焰和冲击波向人孔井口正上方释放,不会向四周扩散。 相似文献
800.