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871.
介绍了用高流量大气采样器和瓦特曼滤膜采集样品,以硝酸-高氯酸消化,无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋气溶胶中铜、铅、镉。对高流量大气采样流量校准、滤膜选用,仪器测试条件及消化方法进行试验和讨论。本方法检测限分别为铜1.8ng/m3、铅1.4ng/m3、镉0.7ng/m3,变异系数分别为铜9.6%、铅8.9%、镉18.0%。 相似文献
872.
Long- and short-chain AHLs affect AOA and AOB microbial community composition and ammonia oxidation rate in activated sludge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jie Gao Yu Duan Ying Liu Xuliang Zhuang Yichen Liu Zhihui Bai Wenlin M Guoqiang Zhuang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(4):53-62
Quorum sensing (QS) regulation of the composition of ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) communities and functions in wastewater treatment was investigated. Specifically, we explored the role of N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in microbial community dynamics in activated sludge. On average, the specific ammonia-oxidising-rate increased from 1.6 to 2.8?mg?NH4+-N/g?MLSS/hr after treatment with long-chain AHLs for 16?days, and the addition of AHLs to sludge resulted in an increased number of AOA/AOB amoA genes. Significant differences were observed in the AOA communities of control and AHL-treated cultures, but not the AOB community. Furthermore, the dominant functional AOA strains of the Crenarchaeota altered their ecological niche in response to AHL addition. These results provide evidence that AHLs play an important role in mediating AOA/AOB microbial community parameters and demonstrate the potential for application of QS to the regulation of nitrogen compound metabolism in wastewater treatment. 相似文献
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877.
Land use/cover in Northeast China went through extensive changes during the 1990s. This report explores the interaction between
these changes and the environment, and the implication of these changes for rational allocation of water resources. Two maps
of land use/cover produced from 1990 and 2000 Landsat TM satellite images were overlaid in ArcInfo to reveal changes in land
cover. Results indicate that farmland and grassland decreased by 386,195 and 140,075 ha, respectively, while water, built-up
areas, and woodland increased by 238,596, 194,231, and 192,682 ha, respectively. These changes bore a mutual relationship
with the environmental change. On the one hand, climate warming made some of these changes (e.g., conversion of woodland and
grassland to farmland) possible. On the other hand, the changed surface cover modified the local climate. These changes, in
turn, caused severe environmental degradation and increased flooding. The change between dry field and rice paddy, in particular,
raised severe implications for the proper allocation of limited water resources in the Northeast. Efforts are needed to coordinate
their rational allocation to reap maximum and sustainable return over the entire area, not just in some localities. Results
obtained in this study should be of interest to the international audience of Environmental Management in that they highlight the interactive nature of human activities and the environment and the off-site impact of these activities
on the environment. 相似文献
878.
Trihalomethane formation potential of filter isolates of electrolyte-extractable soil organic carbon
Certain organic C moieties of soil origin in drinking source waters of Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) can react with chlorine to form trihalomethanes (THMs) during the disinfection process. Isolation and characterization of them and quantitation of their THM formation potential (THMFP) is necessary for developing effective strategies to reduce their influxes in Delta waters and for removing them during drinking water treatment. In this study, organic C from two Delta soils was extracted using deionized H(2)O and four Na- or Ca-based electrolytes of varying electrical conductivity values. Extracts were filtered into particulate, colloidal, fine colloidal, and soluble organic C for quantitation and THMFP determination. Results suggested that <1.5% of soil organic C was electrolyte-extractable. The soluble organic C fraction from both soils dominated in quantity and THMFP. Electrolyte effects were cation dependent. Sodium-based electrolytes at either conductivity level did not significantly decrease extractable organic C (EOC) or THMFP compared with deionized H(2)O. In contrast, Ca-based electrolytes reduced EOC and THMFP by >50% even at 1 dS m(-1). Further increase in Ca concentration did not significantly decrease EOC or THMFP. Most reduction in EOC and THMFP by Ca-based electrolytes occurred with the fractions other than the soluble organic C. Results suggested that under natural soil leaching and runoff conditions, the majority of THMFP is associated with organic C of <0.025 mum in diameter. Further molecular characterization of the fractions with high THMFP may help understand the nature of chlorine-reactive organic C from Delta soils. 相似文献
879.
在痕量分析中,为获得准确的分析结果,容量材质以及洗涤方法的选择至关重要。试验分析表明:聚乙烯是较好的容器材料,它玷污最小、易洗涤、价廉、容器清洗。经实验证明:蒸汽法效果好,但需要相应装置;浸泡法简单易行,但消耗较大。其他方法则各有利弊,因此可根据不同的分析元素及特征,选择合适的洗涤方法。 相似文献
880.
镉对鲫鱼鳃和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
使用浸浴法以 0 mg/ L、0 .73 mg/ L、1 .46 mg/ L、2 .95 mg/ L 4个镉 (Cd Cl2 · 2 .5H2 O)浓度为丰产鲫 (Carassiusauratus of Penze(♀ )× Cyprinusacutidorsalis(♂ ) )幼鱼染毒 ,测定了 1 4 4 h内鳃及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的变化。结果表明 ,低浓度组Cd曝露时 ,鲫鱼鳃和肝组织中 SOD活性的变化短时间内不明显 ,但随着处理时间的延长 ,Cd提高了鳃和肝组织中 SOD的活性 ,导致“毒物兴奋效应”。高浓度组 Cd曝露时均抑制了肝和鳃中的 SOD活性 ,其作用随着曝露时间的延长和浓度的升高而增强 ,SOD酶活性降低所造成的活性氧伤害是引起鲫幼鱼死亡的重要原因。肝组织中的 SOD酶活性和敏感性高于鳃 ,这与其执行的生理功能有关 相似文献