GIS-Supported Precision Agricultural Fertilization Management at Small Scale

Precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale is the key for regional cultivated land protection and management. Taking Dingzhuang Town (located in Guangrao County, Shandong Province) as a case study, this article explores the precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale. First, three main cropping systems are identified via field investigation, namely wheat–maize–soybean, garlic–maize and cotton. Then, application amount of fertilizer N, P and K under the three cropping sys...     

填埋场不同深度垃圾土反复直剪实验研究

根据垃圾土颗粒大、纤维质多等性质,自行研发了适合垃圾土的反复直剪仪,进行了垃圾土的反复剪切实验。通过对比3组不同深度垃圾土样的反复剪切实验数据,总结出垃圾土的反复剪切性质,得出反复剪切的破环强度、峰值强度和残余强度,并根据破环强度值得出垃圾土的c、φ参数。对比国外填埋场失稳反演得出的垃圾土强度,得出以剪切应变ε=10%作为垃圾土强度的取值。     

溶藻放线菌改性制剂对铜绿微囊藻的控藻能力研究

采用喷雾干燥法制备了一种溶藻放线菌粉剂,此粉剂按1∶10 000的质量比投加4 d后对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效率可达90%,该粉剂经过壳聚糖改性处理后,在1∶20 000的质量投加比下,0.5 h即可絮凝去除90%的藻细胞,4 d后的溶藻效率仍可达80%。由于既能快速絮凝除藻,又能长效溶藻,使得改性溶藻放线菌粉剂具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

活性炭纤维载体生物膜法处理洗车废水研究

为了实现洗车废水的循环使用,进行了以聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(PAN-ACF)为生物膜载体处理洗车废水的实验研究。以LAS、COD和NH3-N等指标考察了活性炭纤维生物膜反应器对洗车废水的处理效果。结果表明:在常温下、pH=6.5~7,当进水流量在30 mL/min时,反应器达到最佳运行参数,活性炭纤维载体生物膜法对LAS、COD和NH3-N等的去除率分别达到了97%、80%和60%。出水水质完全达到《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ/T48-99)中洗车用水主要水质指标的规定。此外,实验表明PAN-ACF作为生物膜载体具有很好的生物亲和性和再生性。     

水力停留时间对阴离子交换膜生物反应器去除硝酸盐的影响

考察了水力停留时间(HRT)对阴离子交换膜生物反应器去除硝酸盐的影响。实验结果表明,当进水NO3-浓度在113.96~116.01 mg/L范围内,HRT从11.12 h降低到4.82 h,硝酸盐去除率降低,但出水中NO3--N浓度符合我国饮用水水质标准中10 mg/L的要求(NO3-浓度≤44.29 mg/L)。厌氧生物反应器具有良好的反硝化性能,出水NO3-浓度低于20 mg/L。硝酸盐膜通量随着HRT的增加而增加,出水pH值稳定在7左右。     

微波辐射Bi_2O_3/沸石-H_2O_2体系降解废水中的硝基苯

研究了微波辐射下,以负载于沸石上的三氧化二铋为催化剂,以双氧水为氧化剂的催化氧化体系处理硝基苯工艺。通过单因素实验法,从反应催化剂负载量、pH、双氧水用量、微波功率、反应时间、催化剂用量等方面初步考察了硝基苯在该体系中的催化氧化效果。在氧化铋负载量3%(质量比),pH=2,2 mL 30%双氧水,火力为中火,催化剂投加量为0.7 g,反应2 m in,对降解过程所得的中间产物和终产物进行了分析。结果表明,该体系对硝基苯的去除率能够达到99.2%,COD去除率为73.91%。     

混凝沉淀法处理磷矿浮选废水试验研究

对于质量浓度高达268.5mg/L的磷矿浮选废水,在实验确定的最佳工艺条件下,出水磷酸盐质量浓度小于0.5mg/L,达到国家综合污水排放一级标准,磷的去除率高达99.85%;同时,磷矿浮选废水中CODcr和SS的去除率也达到了75.3%和81.2%.处理成本低,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益.     

现代武器与听力防护

现代武器往往产生大量噪声,对使用这些武器或在这些武器周围作业的人员构成很大威胁,防护不当会导致这些人员的听力受到不同程度的损害。本文介绍了部分现代武器产生的噪声以及对人员可能造成的伤害,分析了防护装备的作用和局限性。     

鱼粉行业恶臭污染物产生与成分分析探讨

针对目前鱼粉行业废气污染严重、排放量大、成分复杂的特性和测定难度较大、监测准确度较低等实际情况,采用实际监测数据,利用傅立叶红外光谱分析仪,有针对性地对鱼粉生产过程中及采取治理措施后恶臭污染物的排放进行了现场连续监测,得到了全面的监测数据。     

Molecular and ultrastructural insights into the earthworm Eisenia fetida of the assessment of ecotoxicity during colistin exposure

Colistin is a peptide antibiotic widely used as a feed additive in animal farming, especially in poultry and swine production, for treatment and prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections, as well as for growth promotion use. When orally ingested, colistin is poorly absorbed and is eliminated almost unaltered by the enteric canal into the environment. Thus, risk of environmental toxicity cannot be ignored. In the present study, we examined the effects of colistin on Heath Shock Protein (HSP) 70, metallothionein (MT) gene expressions, and the ultrastructure of intestinal cells, following treatment of the soil indicator earthworm Eisenia fetida with 10, 20, and 100 mg/kg colistin for 7, 14, and 21 days. The results showed that, compared with the control, the expressions of HSP70 and MT genes changed significantly. Colistin caused up-regulations of HSP70’s expression while inhibited the expression of MT gene. In addition, most mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were damaged in the group treated with high concentration. The investigation of gene expressions of HSP70 and MT, as well as pathological alterations in the intestinal cells, may provide important information in terms of ecotoxicity of colistin and can be used as early warning system.