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121.
Arnaud Da Silva Valentijn van den Brink Guillaume Emaresi Ester Luzio Pierre Bize Amélie N. Dreiss Alexandre Roulin 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(7):1041-1052
Nest and territory defence are risky and potentially dangerous behaviours. If the resolution of life history trade-offs differs between individuals, the level of defence may also vary among individuals. Because melanin-based colour traits can be associated with life history strategies, differently coloured individuals may display different nest and territory defence strategies. We investigated this issue in the colour polymorphic tawny owl (Strix aluco) for which plumage varies from dark to light reddish melanic. Accordingly, we found that (1) our presence induced a greater response (flying around) from dark-coloured than light-coloured females and (2) dark reddish males suffered lower nest predation rates than light-coloured males. In experimentally enlarged broods, the probability that females reacted after we played back the hoot calls of a stranger male was higher if these females were lighter reddish; the opposite pattern was found in experimentally reduced broods with dark parents being more reactive than light parents. Finally, darker females alarmed more frequently when paired with a light than with a dark male, suggesting that partners adjust their behaviour to each other. We also tested whether colouration is used as a signal by conspecifics to adjust the level of their defensive behaviour. Accordingly, breeding females responded more vigorously to a dark than a light reddish stuffed tawny owl placed beside their nest. We conclude that melanin-based colouration is a signal of alternative nest and territory defence behaviour that depends on ecological factors. 相似文献
122.
Benni W. Hansen Guillaume Drillet Reinhardt M. Kristensen Thomas F. Sørensen Majken T. Tøttrup 《Marine Biology》2010,157(1):59-68
Close to 50 species of marine Calanoid copepods have been reported to produce diapause eggs (Engel and Hirche in J Plankton
Res 26:1083–1093, 2004); eggs that are viable but require a refractory phase before they hatch, sometimes after months. Diapause eggs are often
described as morphologically different with respect to egg membrane ultrastructure and having a thicker egg shell with surface
ornamentation as opposed to the smooth shell found in subitaneous eggs that hatch within days (Belmonte in J Mar Syst 15:35–39,
1998; Chen and Marcus in Mar Biol 127:587–597, 1997; Castro-Longoria in Crustaceana 74:225–236, 2001). Egg production rates, egg surface ornamentation, and hatching success were monitored in large aquaculture fish enclosures
during winter with close to zero water temperatures (N57°). Surprisingly, all female copepods (Acartia spp.—presumably A. tonsa, and Centropages hamatus) produced eggs all through the winter with no obvious pattern with respect to light, temperature and food availability, and
no diapause eggs were observed. However, individual females produced several categories of eggs with or without surface spines
even within the same egg batch as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Four egg categories were distinguishable:
‘no spines’, smooth eggs; ‘short spines’, 5–15 μm long; ‘truncated spines’, with the spine tips cut-off <10 μm long; and ‘long
spines’, up to 30 μm long. All egg categories remained unchanged with respect to surface structures from when we took them
out of the incubation bottles until they hatched. In general, the frequency of ‘no spines’ was 10–40%, and most eggs were
ornamented with ‘short-’ or ‘long spines’. Further, a given egg can be ornamented with all types of surface spines simultaneously,
which might even be a fifth egg category. The different egg categories were all able to hatch within days when exposed to
normoxic conditions suggesting that they were subitaneous. 相似文献
123.
Beauchemin S Hesterberg D Chou J Beauchemin M Simard RR Sayers DE 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(5):1809-1819
Knowledge of phosphorus (P) species in P-rich soils is useful for assessing P mobility and potential transfer to ground water and surface waters. Soil P was studied using synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (a nondestructive chemical-speciation technique) and sequential chemical fractionation. The objective was to determine the chemical speciation of P in long-term-fertilized, P-rich soils differing in pH, clay, and organic matter contents. Samples of three slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.2) and two slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.6) soils were collected from A or B horizons in two distinct agrosystems in the province of Québec, Canada. The soils contained between 800 and 2100 mg total P kg(-1). Distinct XANES features for Ca-phosphate mineral standards and for standards of adsorbed phosphate made it possible to differentiate these forms of P in the soil samples. The XANES results indicated that phosphate adsorbed on Fe- or Al-oxide minerals was present in all soils, with a higher proportion in acidic than in slightly alkaline samples. Calcium phosphate also occurred in all soils, regardless of pH. In agreement with chemical fractionation results, XANES data showed that Ca-phosphates were the dominant P forms in one acidic (pH 5.5) and in the two slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.6) soil samples. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy directly identified certain forms of soil P, while chemical fractionation provided indirect supporting data and gave insights on additional forms of P such as organic pools that were not accounted for by the XANES analyses. 相似文献
124.
Blondet Antonine Martin Guillaume Paulic Laurent Perrard Marie-Hélène Durand Philippe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(21):26606-26616
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many toxicants are present in water as a mixture. Male infertility is one of the environmental impacts in developed countries. Using our rat... 相似文献
125.
Volant Chloé Balnois Eric Vignaud Guillaume Magueresse Anthony Bruzaud Stéphane 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(6):2254-2269
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) were used to prepare microbeads, with diameter ranging from... 相似文献