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141.
Leena Maunula M. Rönnqvist R. Åberg J. Lunden M. Nevas 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(3):358-359
142.
Emily Rames Anne Roiko Helen Stratton Joanne Macdonald 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(3):354-357
PCR inhibitory substances in complex sample matrices can cause false negatives or under-estimation of target concentration. This study assessed DNA heat treatment for reducing inhibition during qPCR analysis of human adenovirus (HAdV) in wastewater samples. Inhibition was reduced by heat treating DNA, where mean HAdV concentration was increased by 0.71 log10 GC/L (and up to 3.04 log10 GC/L in one case), and replicate variability and false negatives were reduced. DNA heat treatment should be further investigated for improving reliability of HAdV concentration estimates in water, which can support more accurate assessment of health risks associated with viral pathogen exposure. 相似文献
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144.
The capability of a cost-effective and a small size decentralized pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to remove enteric viruses such as rotavirus, norovirus genogroup I (GGI), norovirus genogroup II (GGII), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), and adenovirus was studied. This pilot plant is an integrated hybrid anaerobic/aerobic setup which consisted of anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), biological aerated filter (BAF), and inclined plate settler (IPS). Both the UASB and BAF are packed with a non-woven polyester fabric (NWPF). Results indicated that the overall log10 reductions of enteric viruses’ genome copies through the whole system were 3.1 ± 1, 3.3 ± 0.5, and 2.6 ± 0.9 log10 for rotavirus, norovirus GGI, and adenovirus, respectively. Reduction efficiency for both norovirus GGII and HEV after the different treatment steps could not be calculated because there were no significant numbers of positive samples for both viruses. The overall reduction of rotavirus infectious units through the whole system was 2.2 ± 0.8 log10 reduction which is very close to the overall log10 reduction of adenovirus infectious units through the whole system which was 2.1 ± 0.8 log10 reduction. There was no considerable difference in the removal efficiency for different rotavirus G and P types. Adenovirus 41 was the only type detected in the all positive samples. Although the pilot WWTP investigated is cost effective, has a small footprint, does not need a long distance network pipes, and easy to operate, its efficiency to remove enteric viruses is comparable with the conventional centralized WWTPs. 相似文献
145.
146.
通过芬顿试剂氧化、次氯酸钠氧化、过氧化氢和光催化氧化方法对化纤废水进行了处理,并通过COD检测、紫外可见光光度计等方法对氧化效果进行分析。结果显示自由基氧化对化纤废水的色度减小非常明显,能使其色度从800多倍减少到10倍以下,COD值从3 550 mg/L降解到100 mg/L以下,透光率的变化率达到98.59%。化学处理工艺的探讨发现在pH值4~6,搅拌速度为1 500 r/min,处理30 min就能使废水的COD去除率达到95.67%;pH为4时过氧化氢的氧化效果最佳。利用过氧化氢和次氯酸钠的氧化获得了自由基氧化处理此类废水的基本原理,即自由基氧化和链式反应的持续发生造成了有机物的降解,少量自由基的生成某种程度上刺激了高级氧化反应的深入,同时极少量自由基的交联可能会湮灭氧化反应,不同类自由基之间形成竞争,可能影响其氧化性能的发挥,因此需要通过控制反应物的种类、用量和有效分离反应中间产物,可以达到高级氧化反应处理此种废水的最佳效果。 相似文献
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149.
Maria Rönnqvist Thedi Ziegler Carl-Henrik von Bonsdorff Leena Maunula 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(1):26-33
Recent events have shown that humans may become infected with some pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIV). Since soil
and water, including lakes, rivers, and seashores, may be contaminated by AIV excreted by birds, effective methods are needed
for monitoring water for emerging viruses. Combining water filtration with molecular methods such as PCR is a fast and effective
way for detecting viruses. The objective of this study was to apply a convenient method for the detection of AIV in natural
water samples. Distilled water and lake, river, and seawater were artificially contaminated with AIV (H5N3) and passed through
a filter system. AIV was detected from filter membrane by real-time RT-PCR. The performance of Zetapor, SMWP, and Sartobind
D5F membranes in recovering influenza viruses was first evaluated using contaminated distilled water. SWMP, which gave the
highest virus recoveries, was then compared with a pre-filter combined GF/F filter membrane in a trial using natural water
samples. In this study, the cellulose membrane SMWP was found to be practical for recovery of AIVs in water. Viral yields
varied between 62.1 and 65.9% in distilled water and between 1 and 16.7% in natural water samples. The borosilicate glass
membrane GF/F combined with pre-filter was also feasible in filtering natural water samples with viral yields from 1.98 to
7.33%. The methods described can be used for monitoring fresh and seawater samples for the presence of AIV and to determine
the source of AIV transmission in an outbreak situation. 相似文献
150.
Sara Romani Seyed Reza Mohebbi Seyed Masoud Hosseini Pedram Azimzadeh Mohsen Vahedi Faramarz Derakhshan Mohammad Reza Zali 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(1):1-5
Noroviruses are one of important agents that cause acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. These viruses are belonging to Caliciviridae
family and are genetically diverse. To date, there is no valuable data about prevalence of norovirus infection and the dominant
genogroup/genotype among Iranian population. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of norovirus infection
in Iranian patients with gastroenteritis referred to three hospitals of Tehran and to specify the dominant genogroup/genotype
of this virus among our study population. A total of 293 patients with acute gastroenteritis were included in the study. Detection
of norovirus was performed using RT-PCR method and confirmed by direct sequencing with specific designed primers for capsid
region of norovirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method. Norovirus strains identified
in our study were subsequently categorized according to previously defined genogroup/genotypes. Of these, norovirus GII was
dominant genogroup. Sixty-five percent (17 of 26) of positive samples were determined as GII and 35% (9 of 26) were determined
as GI, respectively, in 2008–2009. And among 8 sequenced strains of genogroup II the most frequent genotype was GII.3. The
results of this study indicated that norovirus must be considered as one of the infectious causes of acute gastroenteritis
among Iranian population. We also found that GII.3 is more prevalent in our study population. To the best of our knowledge
there is limited data about the role of noroviruses in children and adults’ acute gastroenteritis among Iranian patients and
this prevalence and genotyping report of norovirus infection could be remarkable for further studies. 相似文献