饮用水水源突发性Cd（Ⅱ）污染应急处理实验研究

首先评估了水厂现行工艺对Cd(Ⅱ)的去除能力,然后根据饮用水水源地突发性Cd(Ⅱ)污染的特点对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的去除进行实验研究.结果表明,使用聚合氯化铝铁和水玻璃作为混凝剂和助凝剂的水厂现行工艺对Cd(Ⅱ)的最高去除率为75.0%.随pH值增大,水厂工艺对Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率会相应提高,当pH值为9.0时,Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率可达到90.0%.向原水投加碳酸钠可以改变其pH值.当碳酸钠投量为20 mg/L时,原水的pH值可由原来的7.90升高到8.97,该条件下可以同时产生氢氧化镉和碳酸镉两种沉淀颗粒,较大程度上增强了Cd(Ⅱ)的去除效果.     

秸秆焚烧对北京市空气质量的影响

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测试了北京市两个采样点 1 #站 (十三陵站 ,清洁对照点 )和 5#站 (天坛站 ,居民生活区 )1 1 0个大气颗粒物样品中的水溶性钾 ,以表征秸秆焚烧颗粒物。 1 #站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .2 1 μg/m3,其中以1 998年 6月份浓度 (3 .0 7μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .0 2μg/m3)的 3倍 ;5#站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .94μg/m3,6月份 (4 .2 2 μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .97μg/m3)的 2 .1倍。数据分析结果表明 1 998年 6月份麦收季节存在以秸秆焚烧为主的生物质燃烧现象 ,使大气颗粒物中有机碳浓度水平升高 ,并对北京市的空气质量带来负面影响     

几种结构钢和不锈钢的耐海洋大气腐蚀性能研究

目的 研究服役于海洋大气环境中的几种典型钢材的耐腐蚀性能.方法 通过酸性盐雾?湿热?酸性大气等试验方法研究钢材在海洋大气环境服役过程中的耐腐蚀性能.结果 在海洋大气环境中,通常含铬量较高的不锈钢耐腐蚀性能较为优异,含铬量较低的不锈钢材料耐腐蚀性能较差.结构钢在海洋大气环境下易腐蚀.钝化处理能明显提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,...     

双室微生物燃料电池处含银废水的产电性研究

以剩余污泥为阳极底,糖蜜废水为基质,Ag Cl废水为阴极电子受体,构建了双室微生物燃料电池(Two-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell,简称MFCs),并研究了电池的产电特性、库仑效率及金属去除率.结果表明:Ag+不仅可以作为阴极电子受体,而且还能稳定产电,外电阻为1000Ω时,获得的最大电压为514.5 m V,最大功率密度为65.82 m W·m-2.在阴极实现了对废水中Ag+的去除,最大去除率可达71.6%,而且Ag+浓度为2000 mg·L-1时,回收金属银单质质量为197.66 g.在阳极对废水的处理效果也很显著,库仑效率最高为2.66%,COD去除率最大为81.22%.     

Using a GIS model to assess terrestrial salamander response to alternative forest management plans.

A GIS model predicting the spatial distribution of terrestrial salamander abundance based on topography and forest age was developed using parameters derived from the literature. The model was tested by sampling salamander abundance across the full range of site conditions used in the model. A regression of the predictions of our GIS model against these sample data showed that the model has a modest but significant ability to predict both salamander abundance and mass per unit area. The model was used to assess the impacts of alternative management plans for the Hoosier National Forest (Indiana, USA) on salamanders. These plans differed in the spatial delineation of management areas where timber harvest was permitted, and the intensity of timber harvest within those management areas. The spatial pattern of forest openings produced by alternative forest management scenarios based on these plans was projected over 150 years using a timber-harvest simulator (HARVEST). We generated a predictive map of salamander abundance for each scenario over time, and summarized each map by calculating mean salamander abundance and the mean colonization distance (average distance from map cells with low predicted abundance to those with relatively high abundance). Projected salamander abundance was affected more by harvest rate (area harvested each decade) than by the management area boundaries. The alternatives had a varying effect on the mean distance salamanders would have to travel to colonize regenerating stands. Our GIS modeling approach is an example of a spatial analytical tool that could help resource management planners to evaluate the potential ecological impact of management alternatives.     

基于PCR-TGGE技术的餐厨垃圾厌氧消化微生物群落结构解析

为了解不同负荷下单相餐厨垃圾厌氧消化反应器内微生物群落结构演替特征,在单相厌氧消化反应器负荷为2.0～8.5kg·m-·3d-1(以VS计)的不同负荷条件下取样,运用16SrDNA的PCR-TGGE技术对反应器内微生物进行动态追踪.同时,运用Dice系统和NMDS软件对PCR-TGGE图谱进行分析.结果表明,负荷为4.0～6.0kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化不大;负荷为6.0～7.0kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化较为明显;负荷分别为7.0～8.0kg·m-·3d-1及8.5kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化最为明显.纵观整个过程,在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化反应器有机负荷在2.0～8.5kg·m-·3d-1下厌氧反应器内的微生物群落结构存在明显的阶段性演替;负荷为7.0kg·m-·3d-1时微生物群落结构的丰富度最好.     

天津市典型排污河水体中溶解性有机质的荧光分布特征分析

利用三维荧光光谱研究了天津市两条典型排污河(大沽排污河和北塘排污河)沿河水体中溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光分布特征,并通过对荧光参数——紫外区类富里酸峰中心位置的荧光强度与可见区类富里酸峰中心位置的荧光强度比值(r(A,C))和激发光波长370nm时荧光发射光谱强度在450nm与500nm处的比值(f450/500)的分析,探讨了水体中DOM的来源.结果表明,大沽排污河除中游个别位置外,其它位置水体均能检出紫外区类富里酸、类蛋白、可见光区类腐殖质、紫外区类腐殖质,总体上呈中游少、上下游多的特点;而北塘排污河水体中DOM的荧光峰从上游到下游呈增多趋势,但检出数量比较少.两条排污河水体中DOM均以紫外区类腐殖质最强.两条排污河水体中DOM的荧光强度与其水质参数之间存在显著相关性,而大沽排污河的相关系数更大.结合荧光参数r(A,C)和f450/500的分析和现场对入河排污口的调研,发现两条排污河的溶解性有机质来源均以入河排污口排污汇入(陆源)为主,另外还有少量沉积物有机质释放(微生物作用).     

Larval and post-larval morphogenesis in the gutless protobranch bivalve Solemya reidi (Cryptodonta: Solemyidae)

Structural changes occurring in the alimentary tract, perivisceral cavity, foot, hypobranchial gland, and gills of larval and post-larval Solemya reidi, a gutless protobranch bivalve, were examined using both light and electron microscopy at 1, 3, 5, 18, 34 and 42 d after fertilization. A fully developed mouth, esophagus, and anus, together with the rudiments of a stomach and rectum are present before metamorphosis. At metamorphosis, the cells making up the dorsal and lateral walls of the stomach dissociate, and by 18 d the mouth and anus are the only remaining portions of the alimentary tract. The larval test is ingested into the perivisceral cavity at metamorphosis and its autolysis continues through at least the 42nd day after fertilization. The foot, gills, and hypobranchial gland, poorly developed at metamorphosis, develop slowly and are still undergoing extensive morphogenesis at 42 d.Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution Contribution No. 601.     

“8·29”充装台充装现场氧气瓶爆炸事故原因分析

介绍了较为少见的充装台充装过程中氧气瓶爆炸事故,描述了事故爆炸后的现场。对爆炸气瓶碎片进行化学成分分析、机械性能、金相试验、内壁附着物化学成分分析和能谱分析。通过分析认定,由于误操作油脂混进氧气瓶,高压氧气和油脂接触发生剧烈的自燃氧化放热,使瓶内的氧气迅速升温升压,超出气瓶承压极限导致气瓶爆炸。结合工作经验,提出要严格气瓶充装前的检验,加强气瓶使用和经销单位的安全监管等防范措施和建议,对氧气瓶的安全管理具有参考价值和实际意义。     

Association of bacteria with larvae of the gutless protobranch bivalve Solemya reidi (Cryptodonta: Solemyidae)

Rod-shaped bacteria were consistently observed by transmission electron microscopy in the locomotory test of larvae and in the perivisceral cavity of post-larvae of Solemya reidi, a gutless protobranch bivalve known to possess intracellular chemoautotrophic bacterial symbionts in the adult gill. Bacteria develop within granular vesicles in the larval test, where they either remain to be ingested at metamorphosis, or are released into the space separating the test and embryo, to be subsequently ingested through the larval mouth. In either case, bacteria lie within the perivisceral cavity following metamorphosis. Bacteria were not seen either in or on gametes or in gills of juveniles. It is hypothesized that these bacteria represent a transmission stage of the gill symbionts present in adult S. reidi and are not evident in gametes or gills of juveniles due to cryptic packaging within granular vesicles. Perpetuation of this symbiosis would therefore be assured through vertical transmission, as is typical of other marine invertebrate-bacteria endosymbioses.Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution Contribution No. 602