草履虫──针杆藻群落对混合印染废水净化作用的条件实验

本文对混合印染废水的静态净化过程，进行了生物群落观察和条件实验。发现废水净化初期以大量细菌和草履虫（以 Ｐ． Ｃａｕｄａｔｕｍ为主）繁殖为特征，同时伴生着少量浮游藻类。随着净化过程的进行，细菌和草履虫数量下降，以针杆藻（以 Ｓ． ａｕｃｓ为主）为建群种的浮游藻类群落占优势。化学分析表明，净化作用与温度、光照条件及废水起始浓度有关。     

Analysis and improving ways for water condition in winter wheat field of dryland in subhumid areas of the loess plateau

Based on the soil moisture data from the locating experiments from 1986-1990, and using the water balance method, the water supply and demand state in the field of winter wheat, and the ways for improving water condition in dryland of subhumid by dry area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results suggested that a low precipitation satisfying ratio of 42.9%-58.8% appears in the growing period of winter wheat, and the yield, to a great extent depends on the water that was stored in deep soil layer in the previous rainy season. The filed trial results showed that tillage in the summer fallow period,straw cover, soil moisture regulation with adequate fertilization, crop rotation and proper croppingsystem could be the efficient ways for improving the water condition,and for the exploitation and utilization of natural water resources(both precipitation and soil water) in the winter wheat field of dryland.     

Decomplexation of Cu-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid by a three-dimensional electrolysis system with activated biochar as particle electrodes

The feasibility of decomplexation removal of typical contaminants in electroplating wastewater, complexed Cu(II) with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Cu-HEDP), was first performed by a three-dimensional electric reactor with activated biochar as particle electrodes. For the case of 50 mg/L Cu-HEDP, Cu(II) removal (90.7%) and PO initial pH 7, acid-treated almond shell biochar (AASB) addition 20 g/L, and reaction time 180 min, with second-order rate constants of 1.10 × 10⁻³ and 1.94 × 10⁻⁵ min⁻¹respectively. The growing chelating effect between Cu(II) and HEDP and the comprehensive actions of adsorptive accumulation, direct and indirect oxidation given by particle electrodes accounted for the enhanced removal of Cu-HEDP, even though the mineralization of HEDP was mainly dependent on anode oxidation. The performance attenuation of AASB particle electrodes was ascribed to the excessive consumption of oxygen-containing functionalities during the reaction, especially acidic carboxylic groups and quinones on particle electrodes, which decreased from 446.74 to 291.48 µmol/g, and 377.55 to 247.71 µmol/g, respectively. Based on the determination of adsorption behavior and indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by in situ electrogenerated H₂O₂ and reactive oxygen species (e.g., •OH), a possible removal mechanism of Cu-HEDP by three-dimensional electrolysis was further proposed.     

降低油品储运损耗 改善大气环境

从石油开采到成品油进入清费的过程中，损耗量约占原油量的3％－5％，其中储运过程中的损耗占总耗的40％－50％，着重论述了油品储运过程中降低损耗的措施，以减少经济损失和对环境的破坏。     

基于文献计量的PPP研究趋势与热点分析

近年来,我国在能源、农业、交通运输、市政工程、生态建设和环境保护等领域广泛使用政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式开展建设和运营。为客观地掌握国内外PPP的研究现状,明确当前的研究前沿与热点问题,笔者基于Web of Science核心合集中的SCI和SSCI数据库,采用文献计量工具Histcite Pro对当前国内外PPP研究工作进行了系统的计量学分析与评价。研究结果表明:PPP研究最早开始于1952年,且从1993年开始文献呈现增加趋势;美国、中国和英国在该领域发表文献最多,且国际上具有较强影响力的单位主要集中在美国境内,我国研究实力较强的有香港理工大学、香港大学、清华大学等;基础设施建设、中国PPP项目、风险、绩效、疾病、药物研发、金融、可持续、公共卫生等是该领域的研究热点。     

某装置海洋环境下腐蚀失效分析及控制措施研究

目的 解决采用ZL205A制造的某装置在海洋环境下的腐蚀失效问题.方法 分析装置所处的海洋浪花飞溅区的使用环境,对腐蚀原因与机理进行深入查找、研究.针对腐蚀原因,制定针对性的腐蚀控制措施,并通过试验予以验证.结果 装置腐蚀失效的主要原因为在海洋高盐、高湿的使用环境下,防腐蚀设计不足,防腐措施不到位,产生了电偶腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀、点蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀等.制定的腐蚀控制措施主要有更换耐腐蚀性能较好的ZL114A材料、采用异种金属隔离、完善结构设计与加强过程控制、加强表面涂覆和维护保养等4方面.验证试验表明,采用综合防护措施的ZL114A试样腐蚀轻微,防腐效果良好,而采用原技术状态的ZL205A试样,腐蚀严重,防腐效果差.结论 采取综合防护措施的ZL114A装置在海洋环境下的耐腐蚀性显著提高,实际使用效果良好.     

新型环境材料提铯离子筛的研制

合成六种有离子交换性能的焦磷杂多酸盐 ,其中焦磷钼酸锆在 3M硝酸介质中有较高的化学稳定性和铯离子交换容量。经正交实验确定了合成焦磷钼酸锆的最佳工艺条件。以焦磷钼酸锆为基体 ,通过特殊的化学制筛手段 ,制成了对铯离子有高效选择性、抗强酸的提铯离子筛 ,可适用于直接从高放废液中提取铯。     

中美环境行政听证程序的比较

环境进政听证是促进环境行政主管部门公正行使权力、保护环境行政管理相对人合法权利的法定程序。比较中美环境行政听政程序在沿革，体系，具体内容，适用范围等方面的特点，探讨完善中国环境行政听证的途径。     

煤中有害元素的研究现状及其对环境保护的意义

本文给出了煤中有害微量元素的定义，即煤中含量小于１．０％的有毒元素，致癌元素，腐蚀性元素，放射性元素以及其它对环境有害的元素等。根据我国环保要求，提出当前应重视的有害元素，共２２种。作者还讨论了煤中有害微量元素对对环境的危害以及国内外对煤中微量元素的研究现状和存在的问题。     

铝、铁共聚作用的化学特征及晶貌研究

通过对铝，铁水解共聚物的合成制备及其水解共聚合过程电位滴定的研究，并通过扫描电镜对其共聚物样品的晶貌观测，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ的点能谱及结构组成的红外光谱测定，对铝铁共聚作用的化学特征及其晶形貌象，共聚作用进行了研究及讨论，为深入研究铝无机共聚溶液体系化学形态组成及其絮凝剂的提供了的基础实验依据。