浙江省沿海地区农村房屋抗风情况调研

对浙江省沿海地区的农村房屋抗风情况进行了调研,总结了被破坏房屋的主要结构特点。在对现有房屋的统计中发现相对不富裕地区高达60%以上的房屋属于抗风能力差和较差的,而一些比较富裕且受过台风袭击有过惨痛教训地区的房屋抗风能力差和较差的仅在20%以下。进一步研究发现抗风能力较好的房屋大都是建造年代不久,多为混凝土现浇板屋盖,上部多为框架或砖混结构,而抗风能力较差和差的大都为建造年代已久,多为小青瓦屋面,上部结构多为砖木结构或构造措施较差的砖混结构。同时对当地村民传统的"砖头压瓦"防护措施进行理论验算,得出当风速超过台风界限风速时,屋面上的砖头将会飞起,该措施应该避免。     

软土地区型钢水泥土搅拌墙墙土相互作用试验研究

软土地区采用型钢水泥土搅拌墙(SMW工法)支护形式优势非常明显,但目前对SMW工法墙-土相互作用机理的研究不够透彻,制约了其推广与应用。为深入探索墙-土相互作用机理,针对软土地区SMW工法建立了大比尺试验模型,对各工况墙顶位移、墙侧土压力以及型钢应变进行了测试。试验结果表明:SMW工法墙顶位移速率变化随基坑挖深增加呈U型趋势,而位移呈S型发展,位移时间效应显著,挡墙存在明显的最优嵌固比;实测墙背主动土压力呈抛物线型分布,基坑墙体位移值和位移速率均影响极限土压力发展,实测极限主动土压力大小间于Rankine主动土压力和静止土压力之间,而实测极限被动土压力远小于理论值;水泥土和型钢的组合挡墙承载能力和刚度明显优于型钢,且二者变形协同性较好,建议在SMW工法支护结构设计时考虑水泥土对组合挡墙的刚度贡献。     

生态县评价体系及持续发展战略的研究

在生态县规划研究中,以复合生态系统理论为指南,探讨了生态县的内涵和评价标体系,并确定了以生态农业为基础,以生态型工业为主导,以社会调控为保障,依靠科技进步,寓环境建设于经济社会发展之中的建设生态县的战略,在近年实践中初见成效。     

Comparison of metabolome profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) intestine induced by polystyrene microplastics with different sizes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in aquatic environments. They could induce intestinal toxicity in the fish. However, research on the metabolic...     

PSAT和BPA在电力系统潮流计算中的对比研究

针对当前电力系统分析程序存在差异的问题,从潮流计算角度,对比研究了国内目前使用较为普遍的2款潮流计算程序(PSAT和PSD-BPA),分析了收敛误差、发电机分接头、负荷比例等不同初值条件设置对其潮流计算结果的影响。分析结果表明:PSAT在建模、可视化和自定义方面具有一定优势,比较适合小规模电网仿真和自定义元件模型研究;而BPA的计算速度快,计算精度高,比较适合大规模电网仿真。     

钢铁行业废水零排放技术探索

针对钢铁行业废水特点,分析了目前钢铁行业各工序及全厂主要废水污染控制措施,重点分析了二级反渗透工艺的主要流程及进出水水质,以及该工艺存在的主要问题。通过对大型钢铁集团的现场调研,以太钢采用的反渗透和蒸发结晶工艺为例分析了钢铁行业真正实现废水零排放的技术可行性。该技术可以很好解决钢铁行业浓盐水的外排问题。     

Comparative study on the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride waste based on life cycle assessments

Two processes of utilizing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） waste, an incineration process and a vacuum pyrolysis process, for energy conversion were compared to determine their efficiency and environmental perfor- mance. We carried out a life cycle assessment with each of the two processes to evaluate their environmental impact and defined the goals and limits of our remit. As well, we established an inventory of PVC waste from incineration and vacuum pyrolysis based on process analysis, data collection and calculations. The results show that electrical power output per unit mass of PVC waste in the incineration process was twice as high as that of the vacuum pyrolysis process. Incineration had a larger total environmental impact potential than vacuum pyrolysis. The total environmental impact potential of PVC waste from incineration was three times higher than that from vacuum pyrolysis. Incineration of PVC disposed 300 ng. 100 kgI of dioxins and vacuum pyrolysis 98.19 ng- 100 kgI of dioxins. As well, we analyzed the data for their uncertainty with results quantified in terms of three uncertainties： basic uncertainty, additional uncertainty, and computational uncertainty. The coefficients of variation of the data were less than 25% and the quality of the inventory data was acceptable with low uncertainty. Both PVC waste disposal processes were of similar quality and their results comparable. The results of our life cycle impact assessment （LCIA） showed considerable reliability of our methodology. Overall, the vacuum pyrolysis process has a number advantages and greater potential for development of PVC disposal than the incineration process.     

Design and use of group-specific primers and probes for real-time quantitative PCR

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has gained popularity as a technique to detect and quantify a specific group of target microorganisms from various environmental samples including soil, water, sediments, and sludge. Although qPCR is a very useful technique for nucleic acid quantification, accurately quantifying the target microbial group strongly depends on the quality of the primer and probe used. Many aspects of conducting qPCR assays have become increasingly routine and automated; however, one of the most important aspects, designing and selecting primer and probe sets, is often a somewhat arcane process. In many cases, failed or non-specific amplification can be attributed to improperly designed primer-probe sets. This paper is intended to provide guidelines and general principles for designing group-specific primers and probes for qPCR assays. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these guidelines by reviewing the use of qPCR to study anaerobic processes and biologic nutrient removal processes. qPCR assays using group-specific primers and probes designed with this method, have been used to successfully quantify 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (16S rRNA) gene copy numbers from target methanogenic and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in various laboratory- and full-scale biologic processes. Researchers with a good command of primer and probe design can use qPCR as a valuable tool to study biodiversity and to develop more efficient control strategies for biologic processes.     

SDA脱硫工艺在烧结烟气脱硫中的应用

介绍了沙钢集团4号360 m2烧结机全烟气脱硫项目的工艺选择、脱硫原理、工艺流程及投产后生产情况,通过对生产后运行分析,认为旋转喷雾干燥法(SDA)作为一种新型的脱硫工艺,适合作为烧结烟气脱硫的主工艺进行推广。