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891.
Gu HH Qiu H Tian T Zhan SS Deng TH Chaney RL Wang SZ Tang YT Morel JL Qiu RL 《Chemosphere》2011,83(9):1234-1240
The mechanisms of stabilization by silicon-rich amendments of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in a multi-metal contaminated acidic soil and the mitigation of metal accumulation in rice were investigated in this study. The results from a pot experiment indicated that the application of fly ash (20 and 40 g kg−1) and steel slag (3 and 6 g kg−1) increased soil pH from 4.0 to 5.0-6.4, decreased the phytoavailability of heavy metals by at least 60%, and further suppressed metal uptake by rice. Diffusion gradient in thin-film measurement showed the heavy metal diffusion fluxes from soil to solution decreased by greater than 84% after remediation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the mobile metals were mainly deposited as their silicates, phosphates and hydroxides in amended treatments. Moreover, it was found metal translocation from stem to leaf was dramatically restrained by adding amendments, which might be due to the increase of silicon concentration and co-precipitation with heavy metals in stem. Finally, a field experiment showed the trace element concentrations in polished rice treated with amendments complied with the food safety standards of China. These results demonstrated fly ash and steel slag could be effective in mitigating heavy metal accumulation in rice grown on multi-metal contaminated acidic soils. 相似文献
892.
Impact of woodchip biochar amendment on the sorption and dissipation of pesticide acetamiprid in agricultural soils 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Pyrolysis of vegetative biomass into biochar and application of the more stable form of carbon to soil have been shown to be effective in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, improving soil fertility, and sequestering soil contaminants. However, there is still lack of information about the impact of biochar amendment in agricultural soils on the sorption and environmental fate of pesticides. In this study, we investigated the sorption and dissipation of a neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid in three typical Chinese agricultural soils, which were amended by a red gum wood (Eucalyptus spp.) derived biochar. Our results showed that the amendment of biochar (0.5% (w/w)) to the soils could significantly increase the sorption of acetamiprid, but the magnitudes of enhancement were varied. Contributions of 0.5% newly-added biochar to the overall sorption of acetamiprid were 52.3%, 27.4% and 11.6% for red soil, paddy soil and black soil, respectively. The dissipation of acetamiprid in soils amended with biochar was retarded compared to that in soils without biochar amendment. Similar to the sorption experiment, in soil with higher content of organic matter, the retardation of biochar on the dissipation of acetamiprid was lower than that with lower content of organic matter. The different effects of biochar in agricultural soils may attribute to the interaction of soil components with biochar, which would block the pore or compete for binding site of biochar. Aging effect of biochar application in agricultural soils and field experiments need to be further investigated. 相似文献
893.
Effect of surfactants, dispersion and temperature on solubility and biodegradation of phenanthrene in aqueous media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pantsyrnaya T Blanchard F Delaunay S Goergen JL Guédon E Guseva E Boudrant J 《Chemosphere》2011,83(1):29-33
In the present study surfactant addition with the help of either a mechanical dispersion or a thermal treatment was applied in order to increase the solubility and the bioavailability of phenanthrene in aqueous media, and therefore to promote its biodegradation. Among four tested surfactants (Tween 80, Brij 30, sodium dodecyl sulphate and rhamnolipids), Brij 30 (0.5 gL(-1)) showed the best results allowing us to attain about 20 mgL(-1) of soluble phenanthrene. An additional thermal treatment at 60°C for 24h, 200 rpm permitted to increase the solubility of phenanthrene in the presence of Brij 30 (0.5 gL(-1)) to about 30 mgL(-1). Higher dispersions of phenanthrene particles as well as the reduction of their size were obtained using Ultra-Turrax and French press. The biodegradation of phenanthrene by Pseudomonas putida was then investigated. The reduction of size of phenanthrene particles by mechanical dispersion did not influence its biodegradation, suggesting that P. putida consumed only soluble phenanthrene. The addition of Brij 30 (0.5 gL(-1)) permitted to obtain more phenanthrene metabolized. The use of Brij 30 coupled with a transitory heating of phenanthrene-containing medium at 60°C led to an even more complete biodegradation. This might be a promising way to enhance biodegradation of PAHs. 相似文献
894.
895.
896.
897.
废水处理新技术中的超临界水氧化法 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
超临界水氧化法是一种有效处理有机废水的方法,本文在总结超临界水的特点和优点的基础上,着重介绍了超临界水氧化的基本原理,工艺流程及应用状况,探讨该项技术的前景与发展趋势。、 相似文献
898.
好氧污泥对17β-雌二醇吸附性能的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了好氧活性污泥与失活好氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的吸附性能.17β-雌二醇初始质量浓度为500~10 000 ng/L,采用失活好氧污泥进行吸附,考察了吸附平衡时间、pH与温度对吸附的影响.研究结果表明,失活好氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的吸附在30 min内达到平衡;pH在6~9时对吸附没有影响,pH为9以上时,随着pH升高吸附量减少;温度升高吸附能力降低;其吸附符合Freundlich吸附,且呈线性吸附.在10、20、30 ℃时,Freundlich吸附常数KF分别为91.81、80.65、61.49 L/kg,分配系数Kd分别为561.80、 435.60、306.70 L/kg.另外研究了20 ℃时好氧活性污泥的KF与Kd,它们分别为91.72、514.90 L/kg,与同温下失活好氧污泥的KF和Kd差别均小于20%. 相似文献
899.
高性能防护织物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
顾振亚 《中国个体防护装备》1999,(1)
近年来,高性能防护织物已成为技术纺织品的重要分支。本文就应用最广的热防护织物和恶劣天气防护织物进行介绍和论述,以期引起有关科技人员的重视,共同研究开发,使我国的高性能纺织品有较快的发展。 相似文献
900.