厌氧-两级SBR法处理高浓度洋蓟废水的研究

采用厌氧两级SBR工艺处理洋蓟罐头生产排放的高浓度有机废水,确定了厌氧、SBR工艺的最佳运行参数。结果表明,通过该工艺处理后,COD的总去除率达到98%以上,出水COD为78mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

用于臭氧分解的负载型双金属催化剂

研究了催化剂载体外形和活性成分对催化剂性能的影响和其他污染物的反应对室内空气造成的二次污染。通过XPS分析说明了反应过程中催化剂表面发生的化学变化及反应机理。最终论述了臭氧分解的重要性以及该催化剂的高活性和长寿命。     

Insights into low fish mercury bioaccumulation in a mercury-contaminated reservoir, Guizhou, China

We examined Hg biogeochemistry in Baihua Reservoir, a system affected by industrial wastewater containing mercury (Hg). As expected, we found high levels of total Hg (THg, 664-7421 ng g(-1)) and monomethylmercury (MMHg, 3-21 ng g(-1)) in the surface sediments (0-10 cm). In the water column, both THg and MMHg showed strong vertical variations with higher concentrations in the anoxic layer (>4m) than in the oxic layer (0-4 m), which was most pronounced for the dissolved MMHg (p < 0.001). However, mercury levels in biota samples (mostly cyprinid fish) were one order of magnitude lower than common regulatory values (i.e. 0.3-0.5 mg kg(-1)) for human consumption. We identified three main reasons to explain the low fish Hg bioaccumulation: disconnection of the aquatic food web from the high MMHg zone, simple food web structures, and biodilution effect at the base of the food chain in this eutrophic reservoir.     

化学品环境暴露评估模型研究进展

各国政府高度重视化学品生产使用引发的环境问题,研发了一系列环境暴露预测模型,包含了点源暴露到面源暴露各种排放模式,局部暴露、区域暴露及洲际暴露的各种预测尺度,筛选评估到确认水平的不同评估层级,用于评估化学品的潜在风险。本文从模型功能、机理出发,综述了化学品环境暴露评估涉及的排放估计、水/土/气、多介质以及食物链评估模型,以期为推动我国化学品环境暴露模型的研发提供参考。     

四湖地区湿地农田土壤养分障碍与养分平衡及合理施肥

在分析湖北江汉平原四湖地区成土条件与特征的基础上．揭示了四湖地区湿地农田土壤主要养分障碍及农田生态系统养分平衡状况，并对水稻施肥的效应及合理施肥技术进行了研究．     

热加工车间热污染回收能力分析

针对热加工车间工业炉体积庞大、散热面分散的特点,采用导流罩的方式使近炉壁受热空气进入炉顶热交换器进行热量回收。使用导流罩可具有炉壁保温、环境美化和有效组织气流等3个方面的优点。根据传热原理着重对露墙及炉墙+导流罩2种方式的热污染排放量进行分析,并得出基本的热量计算公式。又以某轧钢加热炉进行计算引证,采用热泵回收技术后,热污染排放将会减少90%,并可回收热量404 kW,大大减少了向周围环境的热污染。     

Assessment of toxicity potential of metallic elements in discarded electronics: A case study of mobile phones in China

The electronic waste (e-waste) is increasingly flooding Asia,especially China.E-waste could precipitate a growing volume of toxic input to the local environment if it was not handed properly.This makes the evaluation of environmental impact from electronics an essentially important task for the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the end-of-life management of electronic products.This study presented a quantitative investigation on the environmental performance of typical electronics.Two types of disposed mobile...     

Modeling and simulation study of the stoichiometric niche space and niche overlap based on the copula method

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - To qualify niche space and niche overlap, the current methods are based on a strict assumption of the normal distribution and restrict dependence to the...     

Physical,chemical and biological behaviour of fumigants on cottonseed

Fumigation is required to protect cottonseed in storage and pre-shipment from insect pests and/or microorganisms. Fumigation of cottonseed with carbon disulphide (CS₂), carbonyl sulphide (COS), ethanedinitrile (C₂N₂), ethyl formate (EF), methyl bromide (MB) and phosphine (PH₃) showed that >85% of the fumigants disappeared within 5?h of exposure. COS maintained >20?mg L^–1 for 24?h. After 1?day of aeration, 75%–85% of the absorbed COS and MB and 20%–40% of the absorbed CS₂, EF and PH₃ were released from treated cottonseed. The fumigant residues were reduced by 80% for COS, 50% for EF or MB and 25% for CS₂ after 1?day of aeration. After 13?days of aeration, fumigant residues were reduced by 95% for MB, 65% for EF, 55% for CS₂ and to natural levels in the COS residue. Carbon disulphide, COS, PH₃, EF and C₂N₂ had no effect on the germination of cottonseed, but germination was reduced to 50% by MB. COS has potential as a fumigant for control of insect pests in cottonseed because it dissipates quickly and does not negatively impact germination. On the other hand, MB appears to strongly absorb and requires an extended period for residues to dissipate, and it negatively impacts germination.     

Clay mineral adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heavy metal pollution such as water contamination by Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd and Cr ions is induced by rapid urbanization and industrialization and is a major threat to...