加强环境科技管理促进内蒙古环保事业的发展

本文就内蒙古环保局几年来开展环保科研工作情况进行了总结、回顾 ,并提出今后开展此项工作新思路、新方法、新要求     

Changes in microcystin content and environmental parameters over the course of a toxic cyanobacteria bloom in a hypertrophic regulated river, South Korea

Cyanobacterial blooms and associated microcystins in hypertrophic stagnant West-Nakdong River were investigated at weekly intervals from April to August, 1999. Microcystis spp. accounted for over 85% of the numeric abundance of total phytoplankton. Microcystins were present in the blooms sampled between May and August. The peak of total microcystin (microcystin-LR + -RR) levels (maximum level; 612 microg g(-1)) was detected in the initial stage of the bloom (mid May), at the same time as high N/P ratio and high Microcystis biomass. This study indicated that total microcystins of this regulated river was positively correlated to Microcystis biomass, absolute nutrient concentration and TN/TP ratio.     

对我区城市环境综合整治定量考核工作的回顾与思考

本文对1996-2000年全区城市环境综合整治定量考核工作进行了全面的分析，介绍了目前“城考”工作的状况，总结了经验，对今后的“城考”工作提出了建议。     

水田土壤细菌群落对不同重金属污染水平的响应分析——以A县为例

重金属污染问题长期存在于土壤环境中,并对土壤细菌群落结构造成了较大影响,从而引起了广泛的研究.本文选取水田土壤为测试样本,通过高通量测序技术和土壤性质化验对样本进行处理,采用Spearman相关性分析等统计分析方法对不同重金属污染水平下的水田土壤细菌群落进行结构和多样性分析.结果显示,研究区内土壤样点的重金属污染水平可被划分为4个等级,其中,轻度重金属污染水平(LL)区域土壤细菌群落的多样性指数总体上显著低于其他区域,即轻度污染的环境将降低该区域的细菌群落多样性.Nitrospira和Candidatus_Solibacter等菌属在重度重金属污染水平(SL)区域中显示出较强的重金属耐受性.Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Gemmatimonadetes等菌门在不同等级重金属污染水平区域中表现出一定的耐受性.此外,土壤含水量(SWC)、酸碱度(pH)、速效磷(AP)、有效钾(AK)、总氮(TN)、有机质(OM)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)和锌(Zn)等土壤环境因子与细菌群落结构存在显著相关性(p0.05).因此,应该尽快开发利用这些具有重金属耐性和生物修复功能的微生物,为粮食作物的健康生长提供适宜的土壤环境.     

A nanofilter composed of carbon nanotube-silver composites for virus removal and antibacterial activity improvement

We have developed a new nanofilter using a carbon nanotube-silver composite material that is capable of efficiently removing waterborne viruses and bacteria.The nanofilter was subjected to plasma surface treatment to enhance its flow rate,which was improved by approximately 62%.Nanoscale pores were obtained by fabricating a carbon nanotube network and using nanoparticle fixation technology for the removal of viruses.The pore size of the nanofilter was approximately 38 nm and the measured flow rate ranged from 21.0 to 97.2 L/(min·m~2)under a pressure of 1–6 kgf/cm~2 when the amount of loaded carbon nanotube-silver composite was 1.0 mg/cm~2.The nanofilter was tested against Polio-,Noro-,and Coxsackie viruses using a sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of viral particles within the outflow.No trace of viruses was found to flow through the nanofilter with carbon nanotube-silver composite loaded above 0.8 mg/cm~2.Moreover,the surface of the filter has antibacterial properties to prevent bacterial clogging due to the presence of 20-nm silver nanoparticles,which were synthesized on the carbon nanotube surface.     

Experimental and numerical calculations of waste R-134a thermal decomposition for energy and fluorine material recovery

Considering the global warming potential of R-134a (C₂H₂F₄) with the substantial generation of this refrigerant as waste material in various industrial sectors, the development of proper thermal destruction method of R-134a is of great practical significance. For this, experiment and numerical calculations have initially made for a tubular-type furnace in order to figure out the basic combustion characteristics of R-134a. A series of experimental investigations for the thermal decomposition of R-134a have been made as a function of wall temperature of tubular furnace and important reacting species such as O₂ and H₂O necessary for the decomposition of C₂H₂F₄ into HF, CO₂ and H₂O. In general, the thermal decomposition of R-134a is successfully made for the condition of temperature above 800 °C with the supply of stoichiometric amount of O₂ and these results are well agreed with numerical prediction. And this information is employed for the simulation of a full-scale, practical incinerator used for the CDM project. For this, numerical investigation has been made for a commercial-scale incinerator using CH₄–air flames for the proper destruction C₂H₂F₄ together with the control of pollutants such as CO and NO. In general, the destruction rate of C₂H₂F₄ appears more than 99.99 % and the generation of CO and NO species appears rather sensitive to the operational condition such as amount of water vapor. The numerical method of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) thermal treatment shows high possibility as a viable tool for the proper design and optimal determination of the operational condition for a HFCs incinerator.     

居住区生活垃圾源头分类计量系统示范研究

以浦东新区为例,分析不同居住区生活垃圾分类收运模式,利用称重技术建立居住区“干湿”分类源头计量系统示范工程,并对计量数据进行整理分析,为管理部门决策提供数据支撑和技术支撑.     

新型水处理材料海绵铁在废水处理中的应用研究

作为一种新型多功能水处理材料,海绵铁具有优越的物理化学性能。通过吸附、微电解、絮凝沉淀、直接还原和间接氧化等作用,海绵铁在水体去污的过程中显现了较强的处理能力。在总结海绵铁去除水中难降解有机物和重金属离子等污染物的研究现状的基础上,提出海绵铁在应用中存在的问题及改进方向。海绵铁与微生物在降解水体污染物的过程中存在互促作用,因而生物海绵铁体系有更强的处理能力,将成为海绵铁材料用于水处理的开发研究新方向。