A comparative study of carbon tax and fuel tax based on panel spatial econometric model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The balance between economic development and environmental governance has always been the focus of attention, and this has become a key issue facing...     

Solar and Tidal Modulations of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Coastal Waters at Huntington Beach,California

The coastal waters at many beaches in California and the United States are afflicted with fecal pollution, which poses a health risk for people exposed to the water through recreational activities such as swimming, surfing, and diving. Identifying sources of pollution is complicated by oceanographic transport/mixing processes and the nonconservative behavior of microorganisms exposed to sunlight and hostile marine conditions. This article investigates the variation of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations in the surf zone and the adjacent coastal marsh by applying autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses that illustrate solar and tidal modulations. A steady state bioreactor model was developed to explain solar inactivation in the surf zone, whereas a dynamic model was applied to explain tidally influenced disturbances in the coastal marsh. These models applied to intensive monitoring datasets on FIB and environmental variables have provided insights into the biologic and physical processes controlling coastal water quality, specifically the influence of sunlight and tides on bacterial levels.     

Techno policy aspects and socio-economic impacts of eco-industrial networking in the fishery sector: experiences from An Giang Province,Vietnam

Eco-industrial networking is considered as a new approach for businesses to improve their competitiveness, economic viability and human and ecosystem health. A cyclic material flow with alternative usage of all materials in the loop is an essential feature of an eco-industrial network. While eco-industrial networking has been primarily applied on the high-tech sector, this paper attempts to apply the principles on the fishery sector of An Giang, a Vietnamese province in the Mekong River Delta. An Giang Province has its own market share in the trade of Tra and Basa fish. The industries in the value chain of Tra and Basa are in a situation that forces them to improve their competitiveness to retain the market share. It was found that forming an eco-industrial network and recruiting new businesses to utilize all materials in the process provides additional revenue apart from reducing waste disposal concerns. This paper details the current market situation, the issues faced and material flow patterns and presents a feasible eco-industrial network. The results of the study indicate that the eco-industrial network creates positive impacts in terms of increased competitiveness, improved socio-economic conditions and cleaner environment.     

海绵铁复合填料强化SBR工艺处理城镇污水研究

以城镇污水为处理对象,通过固定化生物铁填料法对SBR工艺的强化对比试验,考察了海绵铁复合填料应用于污水处理脱氮除磷的优越性。结果表明,装填有海绵铁复合载体填料的微生物固定化体系对污水的处理效果好于普通的SBR反应器:COD和氨氮的平均去除率提高了4%~6%;出水TN浓度值降低了10~20mg/L,且系统稳定效果更好;除磷效率高达92.7%,相比提高了70%以上。同时还设计了海绵铁投加量单因素影响试验对该工艺进行了优化,结果表明:当海绵铁的投加量为120 g/L时,此生物固定化体系对城镇污水的处理效果最佳。     

危险废物填埋场复合衬层渗漏分析与污染物运移预测

以我国危险废物填埋场次防渗层采用1 mm高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)土工膜和0.5 m压实粘土衬垫(CCL)组成的复合衬层为研究对象,采用经验公式以及解析方法计算了不同缺陷条件下复合衬层的渗漏率.在此基础上,采用一维污染物对流扩散运移方程对重金属Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)击穿复合衬层的时间进行了计算和分析.结果表明:复合衬层渗漏率主要受到复合衬垫界面接触条件,渗滤液水位以及缺陷类型的影响;当复合衬层的漏洞密度为20个·hm~(-2)时,半径为5.64 mm的圆孔型缺陷其最大渗漏率为22.7 m~3·a~(-1)·hm~(-2);当单位面积裂缝长度为200m·hm~(-2)时,宽度为2 mm长度为1 m的裂缝型缺陷其最大渗漏率为42.5 m~3·a~(-1)·hm~(-2);Cd~(2+)可作为重金属污染物击穿复合衬层的指示性污染物,其击穿时间最长为2.74 a,最短为1.38 a;通过改变土工膜下伏土壤衬层的性能或增加土壤衬层厚度可延缓污染物击穿时间.     

Antibiotic and antiparasitic residues in surface water of urban rivers in the Red River Delta (Hanoi,Vietnam): concentrations,profiles, source estimation,and risk assessment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance in surface water are issues of global concern, especially in developing countries. In this study, the...     

面向保险业的大面积自然灾害防灾核损信息系统研究

本文依据区域自然灾害的组织体系，在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下，以ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ（ＧＩＳ）软件为主要支持工具，结合ＦｏｘＰｒｏｗ、ＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋，提出了一整套保险防灾核损信息管理系统建设的概念化模型，并以湖南省为例，建立了全中文界面、面向湖南保险业的大面积防灾核损信息系统。最后，结合本系统给出几个应用实例     

汽车涂料废物挥发性有机物气相释放特征

汽车涂料废物作为有机污染物类典型固废,在全过程管理各环节都存在挥发性有机物(VOCs)释放的环境风险. 本文选取同一涂装工段下不同漆雾捕集技术产生的漆渣与干式石灰石粉,采用环境测试舱-气相色谱/质谱法,研究涂料废物中VOCs的气相释放特征. 结果表明:①相同工艺下漆渣与干式石灰石粉释放的VOCs种类相似,但漆渣中各组分释放速率和累计释放量远高于干式石灰石粉. ②漆渣与干式石灰石粉均在1 h左右达到VOCs的释放速率峰值,在检出的7种主要VOCs中,最高者同为正丁醇,分别为245.37、22.67 mg/(m2·h);最低者同为邻-甲乙苯,分别为11.49、2.50 mg/(m2·h). ③经过130 h(漆渣)和24 h(干式石灰石粉)的长期散发试验,试验结束时漆渣累计释放量最大的是正丁醇和1,2,4-三甲基苯,分别为4.76×103、2.86×103 mg/m2;干式石灰石粉累计释放量最大的是1,2,4-三甲基苯和正丁醇,分别为77.26、63.75 mg/m2;二者累计释放最低的同为邻-甲乙苯,分别为467.91、11.29 mg/m2. ④两种样品中VOC释放周期均分为释放初始期(峰值期)、过渡期和缓慢衰减期(准稳态期)3个阶段. 除漆渣中浓度最高的正丁醇外,其余各组分均具有一致的过渡期(1~9 h)和缓慢衰减期(9 h之后),但干式石灰石粉达到稳态的时间远低于漆渣. 研究显示,干式漆雾捕集技术所产生的干式石灰石粉相较传统湿式工艺产生的漆渣,二者所释放的VOCs组分种类相似,存在相同的释放阶段,但释放周期和累计释放量大幅降低,在VOCs减排上具有显著优势.