Extinction rate of discovered and undiscovered plants in Singapore

Extinction is a key issue in the assessment of global biodiversity. However, many extinction rate measures do not account for species that went extinct before they could be discovered. The highly developed island city–state of Singapore has one of the best-documented tropical floras in the world. This allowed us to estimate the total rate of floristic extinctions in Singapore since 1822 after accounting for sampling effort and crypto extinctions by collating herbaria records. Our database comprised 34,224 specimens from 2076 native species, of which 464 species (22%) were considered nationally extinct. We assumed that undiscovered species had the same annual per-species extinction rates as discovered species and that no undiscovered species remained extant. With classical and Bayesian algorithms, we estimated that 304 (95% confidence interval, 213–414) and 412 (95% credible interval, 313–534) additional species went extinct before they could be discovered, respectively; corresponding total extinction rate estimates were 32% and 35% (range 30–38%). We detected violations of our 2 assumptions that could cause our extinction estimates, particularly the absolute numbers, to be biased downward. Thus, our estimates should be treated as lower bounds. Our results illustrate the possible magnitudes of plant extirpations that can be expected in the tropics as development continues.     

安全工程学科建设与专业建设

分析了目前我国安全工程学科建设和专业建设中存在的问题，提出了我国安全工程学科建设和专业建设的一些设想和看法。     

碱剂共凝——一元化净化电镀废水装置

在电镀综合废水中投加硫酸亚铁还原六价铬,再用氢氧化钠调节 pH 值到7.8—9,使重金属离子生成氢氧化物,再经过净化器的混凝、沉淀、过滤后,水质达到国家排放标准,并回用作镀前处理清洗用水。在含有多种重金属离子的污泥中投加硫酸亚铁后,经过蒸气加热,空气搅拌生成铁氧体,不致造成二次污染。     

YJT塔及其在三苯废气治理中的应用

介绍了一种自行研制的ＹＪＴ塔组合净化装置及其工艺，并简要阐述了有关注体力学参数，通过某制鞋厂的三苯废气治理表明，用零号柴油作吸收剂，其净化效率较高，经治理排放的废气浓度和排放速率均符合行业标准中的一级标准。     

Effect of excessive cadmium chloride on the plasmids of E. coli HB 101 in vivo

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乙烯裂解废碱氧化影响因素分析

就影响独山子石化公司乙烯裂解装置废碱液氧化反应的因素，在实验室小试规模试验的基础上，对影响因素进行分析和探讨，着重分析了装置在运行过程中出现的问题和存在的不足，在对现有装置工艺不做大的改动的前提下，提出了装置的技术改造建议。     

Application of Neomysis awatschensis as a standard marine toxicity test organism in China

The small mysid crustacean Neomysis awatschensis was collected in the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China in 1992 and acclimated and cultured in laboratory conditions since then. Standard acute toxicity tests using 4--6 d juvenile mysids of this species were conducted and the results were compared with Mysidopsis bahia, a standard toxicity test organism used in the US in terms of their sensitivities to reference toxins, as well as their taxonomy, morphology and geographic distributions. Because of its wide distribution along the Chinese coast, similar sensitivity to pollutants as M. bahia, short life history, small size and the ease of handling, this study intended to use N-awatschensis as one of the standard marine organisms for toxicity testing in China. The species were applied to acute toxicity evaluations of drilling fluid and its additives, organotin TPT and toxic algae, and to chronic (life cycle) toxicity assays of organotin TPT and a toxic dinofalgellate Alexandrium tamarense, respectively. Using N. awatschensis as a standard toxicity testing organism in marine pollution assment in China is suegested.     

关于塑性应变比的测定

此文用直接法和间接法研究了δ值和计算方法对γ值的影响。发现γ值基本上与δ无关。δ只影响其测量精度,δ愈大愈有利于提高γ的测量精度。计算方法对γ值的影响只在δ值较小时。随δ增大,计算方法的影响逐步消除。     

湿式除尘器烟气带水的分析及其解决办法

本文论述了烟气简体内速度、筒体结构以及引出方式对湿式除尘器带水的影响.同时提出了严格控制烟气速度3-4m/s,改进除尘器的简体结构,烟气出口上方引出,增设脱水(除雾)装置等解决带水问题的办法.     

德国生活垃圾焚烧处理的管理政策

德国垃圾管理思路演变概述 通过立法对生活垃圾进行管理是德国垃圾管理体系中的关键环节.从1972年的《废弃物处理法》到1994年的《促进废弃物闭合循环管理及确保环境相容的处置废物法》（简称《循环经济法》）,都是德国政府为适应不同时期生活垃圾的性质和时代要求而制定的垃圾法,其中《循环经济法》的制定实施引导德国生活垃圾综合处理走向新的转折点--循环经济的开始.德国在世界上最早提出发展循环经济的思想.《循环经济法》是目前最完整地体现了废弃物减量化、资源化和无害化,并符合可持续发展要求的废弃物管理法,它强调了对垃圾的处理是为了实现整个资源、环境与经济的良性循环,而不再是对废弃物的简单处置.废弃物应是一种资源,应该加以回收利用,实现物质“从摇篮到坟墓再到摇篮”的闭合循环,充分体现了循环经济的思想.