Emission of intermediate volatility organic compounds from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil

Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) are crucial precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this study, gaseous IVOCs emitted from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil (HFO) were investigated on a test bench, which could simulate the real-world operations and emissions of ocean-going ships. The chemical compositions, emission factors (EFs) and volatility distributions of IVOC emissions were investigated. The results showed that the main engine burning HFO emitted a large amount of IVOCs, with average IVOC EFs of 20.2–201?mg/kg-fuel. The IVOCs were mainly comprised of unspeciated compounds. The chemical compositions of exhaust IVOCs were different from that of HFO fuel, especially for polycyclic aromatic compounds and alkylcyclohexanes. The volatility distributions of IVOCs were also different between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel. The distinctions in IVOC emission characteristics between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel should be considered when assessing the IVOC emission and related SOA formation potentials from ocean-going ships burning HFO, especially when using fuel-surrogate models.     

不同环境条件下聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)薄膜生物降解性研究

采用不同形态的PHAs薄膜（聚β－羟基丁酸（PHB）及β－羟基丁酸与β－羟基戊酸的共聚物（PHBV）膜）,在各种环境（如土壤和水体）的不同条件下,对膜的生物降解性进行了研究,并对其降解机制作了初步探讨。结果表明：PHAs膜具有生物降解性,在无菌条件下不能被降解;在不同的环境中,如不同土壤和水体,PHAs膜的降解情况不同;不同的条件,如pH、温度,对环境中PHAs膜的降解率有着不同的影响;PHB膜的生物降解速度比PHBV膜快;PHAs膜的厚度对其降解能力有很大影响。     

An autotrophic nitrogen removal process：Short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate

A combined process consisting of a short-cut nitrification (SN) reactor and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge bed (ANAMMOX) reactor was developed to treat the diluted effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating high ammonium municipal landfill leachate.The SN process was performed in an aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor (working volume 3.05 L),treating about 50% of the diluted raw wastewater.The ammonium removal efficiency and the ratio of NO 2 N to NOx-N in the effluent were both higher than 80%,at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 1.47 kg/(m 3 ·day).The ANAMMOX process was performed in an UASB reactor (working volume 8.5 L),using the mix of SN reactor effluent and diluted raw wastewater at a ratio of 1:1.The ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency reached over 93% and 95%,respectively,after 70-day continuous operation,at a maximum total nitrogen loading rate of 0.91 kg/(m 3 ·day),suggesting a successful operation of the combined process.The average nitrogen loading rate of the combined system was 0.56 kg/(m 3 ·day),with an average total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency 87%.The nitrogen in the effluent was mostly nitrate.The results provided important evidence for the possibility of applying SN-ANAMMOX after UASB reactor to treat municipal landfill leachate.     

内置转盘式PVDF膜生物反应器污水处理的试验研究

对内置转盘式PVDF膜生物反应器(SRMBR)处理污水工艺及膜清洗进行了研究.SRMBR处理污水可以长期稳定运行,在实验模拟污水COD为180～368 mg/L时,出水COD在运行1d后稳定在20 mg/L以内,COD去除率>93%.增大转盘式平板膜组件转速可以增大SRMBR的平衡水通量,转速从15 r/min增大到25 r/min,平衡水通量从42.5 L/(m2·h)增大到47.5L/(m2·h).在一定自吸泵停抽时间内(0～1 min),延长停抽时间有利于减缓膜污染、提高平衡水通量.对污染的膜进行水洗、水洗 碱洗、水洗 碱洗 酸洗,3种清洗方式分别使膜平衡水通量恢复至新膜平衡水通量的48.4%、83.5%、90.2%.     

Information system with multiple data layer approach to select the C&D waste landfilling infrastructure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Landfilling is a critical method in managing massive generated C&D waste, and the appropriate selection of C&D waste landfill sites...     

Relationship between heavy metal consolidation and H2S removal by biochar from microwave pyrolysis of municipal sludge: effect and mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The synergistic effects of pyrolysis byproduct, biochar (BC) on heavy metal consolidation, and H2S removal during and after from microwave pyrolysis...     

重庆高新区可持续发展水平评价与对策研究

提出了建立重庆高新区可持续发展评价指标体系的6项基本原则，从经济高效、社会文明、环境舒适（ESE）3方面设计了包括3个高层指标、8个中层指标、45个单项指标的指标体系。采用特尔斐法、层次分析法和线性加权法，对评价指数进行了量化计算和整合，据此评价重庆高新区的可持续发展水平，并对照发展性质相似的苏州高新区、深圳高新区，指出重庆高新区在发展中存在的问题，并提出可持续发展的若干对策。     

中国电力行业可持续发展研究

能源问题是可持续发展研究中的重点之一.目前电力是应用最广泛、最方便、最清洁的一种二次能源.在分析中国电力行业的发展概况,对未来电力需求作出预测,并总结了目前中国电力行业的供给情况,提出当前电力行业存在的结构不合理、产能过剩、电网建设滞后等问题;并以此为基础,从提高经济与环境协同度的角度出发,针对电力行业的结构调整提出发展水电核电的建议,最后探讨了在电力行业中发展清洁生产和循环经济,旨在对中国电力行业的可持续发展作出初步研究.     

用醌式染料的合成反应光度法测定水中亚硝酸根

研究了以Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基苯胺为偶联试剂，利用醌式染料的合成反应测定ＮＯ２＾－的新方法，ＮＯ２＾－在０￣１８．０μｇ／２５．０ｍＬ范围内服从比尔定律，方法具有较高的灵敏度和选择性。试剂及醌式染料具有更高的稳定性，且无试剂空白的影响，用于环境水中ＮＯ２＾－的测定，其结果与其他方法的测定结果一致。     

A theoretical study of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters of sulfuric acid and organic acids with amides

Amides, a series of significant atmospheric nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can participate in new particle formation (NPF) throught interacting with sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids. In this study, we investigated the molecular interactions of formamide (FA), acetamide (AA), N-methylformamide (MF), propanamide (PA), N-methylacetamide (MA), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with SA, acetic acid (HAC), propanoic acid (PAC), oxalic acid (OA), and malonic acid (MOA). Global minimum of clusters were obtained through the association of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conformational analysis, thermochemical analysis, frequency analysis, and topological analysis were conducted to determine the interactions of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters. The heterodimers formed a hepta or octa membered ring through four different types of hydrogen bonds, and the strength of the bonds are ranked in the following order: SOH???O > COH???O > NH???O > CH???O. We also evaluated the stability of the clusters and found that the stabilization effect of amides with SA is weaker than that of amines with SA but stronger than that of ammonia (NH₃) with SA in the dimer formation of nucleation process. Additionally, the nucleation capacity of SA with amides is greater than that of organic acids with amides.