我国电子废弃物回收处理体系比较与建议

根据目前我国电子废弃物回收处理体系的现实情况,从回收网络、处理情况和优缺点等方面,分析比较了我国五种电子废弃物回收处理体系：个体户回收处理体系、民间回收处理体系、供销社回收处理体系、生产商回收处理体系和电子废弃物专业拆解公司回收处理体系,并提出建立“个体户＋公司＋拆解基地”合作关系电子废弃物回收处理体系的建议。     

Development of a risk-based maintenance strategy using FMEA for a continuous catalytic reforming plant

Petrochemical facilities and plants require essential ongoing maintenance to ensure high levels of reliability and safety. A risk-based maintenance (RBM) strategy is a useful tool to design a cost-effective maintenance schedule; its objective is to reduce overall risk in the operating facility. In risk assessment of a failure scenario, consequences often have three key features: personnel safety effect, environmental threat and economic loss. In this paper, to quantify the severity of personnel injury and environmental pollution, a failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method is developed using subjective information derived from domain experts. On the basis of failure probability and consequence analysis, the risk is calculated and compared against the known acceptable risk criteria. To facilitate the comparison, a risk index is introduced, and weight factors are determined by an analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the appropriate maintenance tasks are scheduled under the risk constraints. A case study of a continuous catalytic reforming plant is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The results indicate that FMEA is helpful to identify critical facilities; the RBM strategy can increase the reliability of high-risk facilities, and corrective maintenance is the preferred approach for low-risk facilities to reduce maintenance expenditure.     

树脂基防弹防刺材料的研究

本文通过不同芳纶织物与改性环氧树脂复合实验,优选出适用防弹防刺材料的增强体,并最终制备出防弹防刺材料。实验表明材料满足GA141-2010《警用防弹衣》、GA68-2008《警用防刺服》3级标准要求,且轻质、柔软、舒适,具有良好的市场前景。     

热喷涂粉尘理化特性及危害研究

通过对热喷涂现场粉尘进行采样和监测,分析了热喷涂粉尘的质量浓度、粒径分布、微观形貌及成分组成等理化特性,依此评估热喷涂粉尘潜在的危害。结果表明:热喷涂作业区域粉尘浓度普遍高于职业卫生标准规定的浓度限值;热喷涂粉尘粒径分布范围广,其中包含大量的微纳米粉尘颗粒,这些超细颗粒粉尘由于质量轻,受重力影响小,很难自然沉降,清除周期较长;粉尘含有多种金属元素,包括一些重金属,如铬、镍、铜等。这些特性决定了热喷涂粉尘危害的严重性,因此有必要采取保护措施减少其对从业人员的危害。     

墨水河流域分阶段综合治理规划研究

"十三五"期间,墨水河流域作为青岛市重点流域之一,要求全面消除城市黑臭水体,水环境质量得到阶段性改善。为实现这一目标,通过墨水河流域现状调查,找出流域内污染问题,从流域综合治理角度,结合水质改善目标与动态流量下的自净能力模拟计算,提出改善墨水河水环境的治理技术方案,实现全面消除劣V类水体、恢复水环境基本功能。     

基于模糊数学的四川省西充河水质评价

本文利用模糊数学法,选取溶解氧(DO)、5日生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)5项指标,对比四川省西充河雷打石和拉拉渡两个断面,对西充河2003～2010年水质进行评价。评价结果表明:2003～2010年西充河的水质为劣Ⅴ类,达不到国家要求的Ⅲ类水质标准;TN为西充河主要污染指标,西充河溶解氧偏低而氮和BOD5超标严重。为尽快使西充河的水质达标,对其进行有效治理迫在眉睫。     

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol blended materials used as solid carbon source for tertiary denitrification of secondary effluent

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blended materials for using as a solid carbon source （SCS） were prepared by blending PVA and gelatinized starch in an aqueous solution system, in which PVA served as framework material and starch as carbon source. The optimization of starch content and temperature effects were investigated. It was indicated that higher denitrification efficiency could be achieved with more starch in the materials. The average specific denitrification rates were 0.93, 0.66, 0.37 and 0.36 mg/（g·day） corresponding to starch content of 70%, 60%, 40% and 30% respectively at 37℃. The denitrification rates increased when operating temperature was raised from 23℃ to 30℃ and then 37℃. The mechanism of carbon release was analyzed incorporating the experimental results of abiotic release in deionized water. The organic carbon was mainly hydrolyzed by microbes, and the biological release efficiencies were at the range of 89.2% to 96.0%. A long-term experiment with a continuous flow reactor with SCS material containing 70% starch was conducted to gain some experience for practical application. When the influent nitrate concentration was in the range of 35.2 to 39.1 mg/L, hydraulic retention time of 4 hr, and operating temperature of 30℃, a nitrogen removal efficiency up to 94.6% and denitrification rate of 0.217 kg/（m3.day） was achieved. The starch-based materials developed in this study can be used as a solid carbon source for tertiary nitrogen removal from secondary effluent.     

管-土相互作用模型试验的尺寸效应及可靠性分析

为了分析北京地区粉质黏土场地中管-土相互作用土弹簧模型参数,进行了一系列管土相互作用试验。由于人力、经费、场地等原因,模型箱尺寸无法取到无限大,模型箱的尺寸效应有可能使试验数据出现一定偏差。为了检验已开展模型试验结果的可靠性,基于ABAQUS有限元软件进行了数值仿真,探讨了土体的破坏模式,研究了管-土相互作用试验的尺寸效应,并得到如下结论:土体破坏模式可分为深埋和浅埋两种破坏模式;模型箱下方和后方边界对试验结果影响较小,当深径比大于6时,前方边界开始对试验结果产生影响。最后,分析和修正了试验结果并对类似试验中的模型箱尺寸选取给出了建议。     

春播一粒种 秋收一壶油--石油也可以种出来

据有关专家预测，地球上现有的矿物能源乐观估计也不过再用100年，加上科技文明的飞速发展，能耗的成倍增加，新的可再生能源的开发越来越紧迫地摆在人类面前。且不说矿物能源这种日趋枯竭的危机局面，仅从它们对环境的污染而言也足以令人扼腕了。人们长久期盼着能找到一种“石油植物”，像稻米的春种秋收一样，春播绿草，秋收石油。     

Zeolite (Na) modified by nano-Fe particles adsorbing phosphate in rainwater runoff

Zeolite (Na) modified by self-synthesized nano-Fe particles was used as infiltration media to adsorb phosphate in rainwater runoff. The adsorption capacities increased up to 75 times that of natural zeolite at a saturated equilibrium phosphate concentration of 0.42 mg/L. The correlation of capacity and material-specific surface area indicated that specific surface area was not the key factor contributing to the capacity improvement. SEM and XRD analysis showed that chemical reaction between Fe and P to form new products like cacoxenite is the main reason for the increased capacity, and that the method of adding metal ions or particles to improve the adsorption capacity for phosphate is feasible.