南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅵ)上封寺森林群落植物物种相对多度分布格局

本文应用几何级数分布、分割线段、对数级数分布和对数正态分布等4种模型研究了南岳上封寺森林群落植物物种相对多度的分布格局。结果表明,几何级数分布模型适宜拟合乔木层和草本层,而不适宜于灌木层;分割线段模型适宜于乔木层,其中,多度一频度模型还适于草本层;对数级数分布模型完全适宜于拟合任何层次;对数正态分布模型仅适宜于拟合乔木层。此外,α-指数值介于季雨林-稀树草原之间。     

污泥堆肥中二恶英类物质的探讨

污泥堆肥是污泥资源化的一种较好的方式，但其中如含有二恶英将对人体和环境产生危害。污泥的堆肥处理过程对二恶英减少没有作用。因此，应对污水来源进行筛选，选用二恶英类物质低于土壤风险含量1000Pg-TEQ／g的污水污泥进行堆肥处理和利用。     

氯代有机污染物在厌氧条件下还原脱氯的研究进展

对氯代有机污染物在产甲烷和硫酸盐还原条件下还原脱氯的研究成果进行了综述 ,并介绍了国内外加速厌氧条件下还原脱氯的方法与成果以及缓释氢物质 (hydrogenreleasecompounds ,HRC)的工作原理与工程应用。此外 ,作者还对厌氧还原脱氯的机理和未来的研究方向进行了讨论和展望     

液态高炉渣热量回收利用方法及问题

钢铁冶金行业生产会产生大量的高炉渣。高炉渣由于自身温度比较高，含热量丰富，对能源工业来说是一种很好的二次资源。世界上已有一些国家对高炉渣热量的回收利用进行了一定的研究，而国内这方面的研究却很少。详细介绍了近几年国内外对高炉渣热量回收利用的情况，在此基础上，阐述了高炉渣热回收技术需要解决的关键问题和发展趋势。     

液态高炉渣热量回收利用方法及问题

钢铁冶金行业生产会产生大量的高炉渣.高炉渣由于自身温度比较高,含热量丰富,对能源工业来说是一种很好的二次资源.世界上已有一些国家对高炉渣热量的回收利用进行了一定的研究,而国内这方面的研究却很少.详细介绍了近几年国内外对高炉渣热量回收利用的情况,在此基础上,阐述了高炉渣热回收技术需要解决的关键问题和发展趋势.     

环境经济评价在规划环评中的应用

环境经济评价是联系环境系统和经济系统的桥梁,把环境经济评价应用于规划环评中,实现了对规划方案的环境影响的经济价值表征,为最终决策提供服务和支持,真正提高了环评对规划可行性的决策作用。本文结合环境经济评价的理论和实践特点,通过对中国规划环评区别于项目环评的特征的把握,从理论和实践角度阐述环境经济评价在规划环评中的具体应用,并提出应用过程中的几点关键问题。     

Rehabilitation and improvement of Guilin urban water environment：Function-oriented management

Economic development and population growth have deeply damaged the urban water environment of Guilin City, China. Main problems involved structural damage and functional deterioration of the urban waters. An integrated technical scheme was developed to rehabilitate the urban water environment and to enhance the waters' functions during 1998-2008. Improvement of waters' functions included water system reconstruction, water pollution control, water safety assurance, and aquatic ecological restoration. The water system was reconstructed to connect different waters and clean water supplies to the lakes. Moreover, water pollution was controlled to improve water quality by endogenous pollutant elimination and extraneous pollutant interception. In addition, ecological measures put in place serve to enhance water system functions and better benefit both nature and humans. The project has brought about sound ecological, economic and social benefits in Guilin City, which can potentially be extended to similar cities.     

Effects of Stocking Rate on the Variability of Peak Standing Crop in a Desert Steppe of Eurasia Grassland

Proper grazing management practices can generate corresponding compensatory effects on plant community production, which may reduce inter-annual variability of productivity in some grassland ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how grazing influences plant community attributes and the variability of standing crop. We examined the effects of sheep grazing at four stocking rate treatments [control, 0 sheep ha^?1 month^?1; light (LG), 0.15 sheep ha^?1 month^?1; moderate (MG), 0.30 sheep ha^?1 month^?1; and heavy (HG), 0.45 sheep ha^?1 month^?1] on standing crop at the community level and partitioned by species and functional groups, in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design over a 9-year period. Standing crop was measured every August from 2004 to 2012. Peak standing crop decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing stocking rate; peak standing crop in the HG treatment decreased 40 % compared to the control. May–July precipitation explained at least 76 % of the variation in peak standing crop. MG and HG treatments resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in shrubs, semi-shrubs, and perennials forbs, and an increase (P < 0.05) in perennial bunchgrasses compared to the control. The coefficients of variation at plant functional group and species level in the LG and MG treatments were lower (P < 0.05) than in the control and HG treatments. Peak standing crop variability of the control and HG community were greatest, which suggested that LG and MG have greater ecosystem stability.     

论多媒体英语教学

多媒体英语教学把传统英语教学的单调形象转化为动感形象,国内经济社会的发展也需要多媒体英语教学的展开。本文针对英语教学中存在的主要问题：缺乏人际交流、弱化学生主体地位、弱化教师主导作用,提出相关的教学对策：加强英语教学软件的开发与利用,精心设计和制作课件;熟练掌握教学内容;将传统教学媒体与多媒体课件紧密结合;树立对多媒体英语教学的正确认识。     

降解拟除虫菊酯类农药的缺陷假单胞菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性研究

采用室内培养试验的方法,从拟除虫菊酯类农药生产车间下水道驯化污泥中分离、筛选出1株可同时降解联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯的高效菌株MSRl4,经鉴定为缺陷假单胞菌(pseudomonas diminuta),并对其生理特性进行研究.结果表明,该菌为革兰氏阴性好氧型球形杆菌,大小为(O.3-0.7)μm,能够以3种菊酯为唯一碳源进行生长.在通气、pH 6.0-7.0、温度30℃、接菌量(OD415nm=0.2)和转速180 r·min-1的环境条件下,对含联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯各100 mg·L-1的混合培养基培养3d,发现该菌对这3种菊酯的降解效果最好,降解率分别为43.78%、43.91%和43.75%,且降解过程满足一级动力学方程模型,降解半衰期(t1/2)分别为97.6、106.6和101.9h.3种菊酯农药降解率与接菌量、通气量和振荡速率呈正相关.