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91.
Alemeh Mazangi Hamid Ejtehadi Omid Mirshamsi Fereshte Ghassemzadeh Seyyed Saeed Hosseinianyousefkhani 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2016,47(4):349-354
Ferula xylorhachis Rech.f. is an endemic plant species belonging to the Apiaceae family and distributed in northeastern Iran. In the present study, we attempted to determine the factors with the greatest effects on the distribution of this species and to determine suitable regions for it based on current and future conditions. The Maximum Entropy method was used in the present study and the results indicated that the Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (48.2%), Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (49.1%), and Precipitation of Wettest Month (61.4%) are the most important factors in the current and in two future periods (2040 and 2070). The models suggest that suitable regions for the presence of this species will change over time and that the species will encounter limitations through changes such as moisture reduction. According to the A1B scenario, increases in greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 will have direct effects on future precipitation and temperature and these factors will be important in determining species dispersion. Evaluation of important habitat factors using normal ecological methods will help in developing the best conservation programs in the future. Introducing species to new regions will help to protect them from the extinction risk caused by climate change. 相似文献
92.
Meghdad Pirsaheb Mansour Rezaei Mohammad Karami Kiomars Sharafi Hamid R. Ghaffari 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(9):641-650
The purpose of this study was to investigate common pesticides in stored wheat at Kermanshah province's silos in Iran. A simple, inexpensive, reliable and environmentally friendly method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop was developed. The analytical characteristics of the method were determined. Also, various parameters such as the materials of the silos, types of ownerships of the silos, geographic orientation of silo locations and climatic conditions of silo locations on pesticide residues in studied wheat samples were investigated. Among all the studied parameters, the climatic conditions of silo locations showed the highest influence on pesticide residues in wheat samples. Generally, 61.2% of the samples had pesticide levels below the method detection limits and 38.8% of the total samples had at least one of the understudied pesticides. Also, 13.9% of the samples had deltamethrin residues, 16.7% of the samples had permethrin, 22.2% of the samples had malathion, 11.1% of the samples had both permethrin and malathion and 2.8% of the samples had both deltamethrin and malathion. The results revealed that the residues of deltamethrin and malathion were lower than the standard level announced by European Union regulation and only three samples contained permethrin higher than Europe standard level. 相似文献
93.
94.
Groundwater and water resources management plays a key role in conserving the sustainable conditions in arid and semi-arid
regions. Applying management tools which can reveal the critical and hot conditions seems necessary due to some limitations
such as labor and funding. In this study, spatial and temporal analysis of monthly groundwater level fluctuations of 39 piezometric
wells monitored during 12 years was carried out. Geostatistics which has been introduced as a management and decision tool
by many researchers has been applied to reveal the spatial and temporal structure of groundwater level fluctuation. Results
showed that a strong spatial and temporal structure existed for groundwater level fluctuations due to very low nugget effects.
Spatial analysis showed a strong structure of groundwater level drop across the study area and temporal analysis showed that
groundwater level fluctuations have temporal structure. On average, the range of variograms for spatial and temporal analysis
was about 9.7 km and 7.2 months, respectively. Ordinary and universal kriging methods with cross-validation were applied to
assess the accuracy of the chosen variograms in estimation of the groundwater level drop and groundwater level fluctuations
for spatial and temporal scales, respectively. Results of ordinary and universal krigings revealed that groundwater level
drop and groundwater level fluctuations were underestimated by 3% and 6% for spatial and temporal analysis, respectively,
which are very low and acceptable errors and support the unbiasedness hypothesis of kriging. Although, our results demonstrated
that spatial structure was a little bit stronger than temporal structure, however, estimation of groundwater level drop and
groundwater level fluctuations could be performed with low uncertainty in both space and time scales. Moreover, the results
showed that kriging is a beneficial and capable tool for detecting those critical regions where need more attentions for sustainable
use of groundwater. Regions in which were detected as critical areas need to be much more managed for using the current water
resources efficiently. Conducting water harvesting systems especially in critical and hot areas in order to recharge the groundwater,
and altering the current cropping pattern to another one that need less water requirement and applying modern irrigation techniques
are highly recommended; otherwise, it is most likely that in a few years no more crop would be cultivated. 相似文献
95.
Environmental risks of farmed and barren alkaline coal ash landfills in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dellantonio A Fitz WJ Custovic H Repmann F Schneider BU Grünewald H Gruber V Zgorelec Z Zerem N Carter C Markovic M Puschenreiter M Wenzel WW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):677-686
The disposal of coal combustion residues (CCR) has led to a significant consumption of land in the West Balkan region. In Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina) we studied previously soil-covered (farmed) and barren CCR landfills including management practises, field ageing of CCR and the transfer of trace elements into crops, wild plants and wastewaters. Soil tillage resulted in mixing of cover soil with CCR. Medicago sativa showed very low Cu:Mo ratios (1.25) which may cause hypocuprosis in ruminants. Total loads of inorganic pollutants in the CCR transport water, but not pH ( approximately 12), were below regulatory limits of most EU countries. Arsenic concentrations in CCR transport water were <2microgl(-1) whereas reductive conditions in an abandoned landfill significantly enhanced concentrations in leachates (44microgl(-1)). The opposite pattern was found for Cr likely due to large initial leaching of CrVI. Public use of landfills, including farming, should be based on a prior risk assessment due to the heterogeneity of CCR. 相似文献
96.
An organic-aqueous two-liquid-phase partitioning system was developed to degrade high concentrations of pentachlorophenol (PCP). Dioctyl sebacate was selected among 12 non-aqueous phases as the most suitable solvent to control the delivery of PCP to the aqueous phase for being non-biodegradable and biocompatible. In shake-flask experiments, the two-phase system was able to support the removal of 1g PCP l(-1) of total liquid phase. The performance of the two-liquid phase partitioning system (TLPPS) in shake-flask was evaluated under different conditions. At the initial biomass concentrations of 7, 25, and 58 mg dry weight l(-1), the volumetric removal rates of PCP obtained were 25.7+/-0.5, 32.1+/-0.1, and 39.3+/-2.9 mg PCP l(-1)h(-1), respectively. Higher performance was observed at lower organic-aqueous phase ratios (16% and 28%) than higher ones (37% and 44%). In a 2-l TLPPS, the degradation of 10 g PCP was completed in less than 100 h at a total volumetric rate of 142 mg l(-1) h(-1). Kinetics study using Monod model showed that compared to monophasic systems, the biphasic system significantly enhanced the maximum specific growth rate and PCP removal rate. Results of this biphasic system showed no accumulation of unknown by-product(s) which has been reported for physical-pretreatment or high-performance biphasic systems of PCP degradation. 相似文献
97.
Rafiq Muhammad Hamid Ahmad Riaz Jabbar Abdul Munir Hassan Hussain Muzzammil 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):21797-21806
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - No-till wheat is gaining popularity in rice-based cropping system as it provides a better chance for timely planting of wheat, management of crop... 相似文献
98.
Temporal changes in Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) abundance were investigated monthly from January to December
2008 at a tropical forest stream of Tupah River (TR) at Gunung Jerai Forest Reserve, Malaysia. A total of 1,689 adult individuals
belong to 16 families of EPT were collected from TR. EPT populations peaked in May, June and December. Mean EPT abundance
was significantly different among months (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.05). Among the three orders, Trichoptera had the most diverse community with eight families reported, followed by Ephemeroptera
(six families) and Plecoptera (two families). The family Baetidae was the most abundant ephemeropteran. Meanwhile, caddisfly
families Hydropsychidae, Leptoceridae and Lepidostomatidae were abundant at TR. However, plecopterans were mainly represented
by Perlidae. There was significant difference in abundance (t = 4.863, P < 0.05) and diversity (t = 7.857, P < 0.05) of EPT adults between dry and wet seasons. Interestingly, abundance of EPT adults was higher in the dry season compared
to the wet season. Consequently, seasonality impact on abundance of EPT adults at TR was obvious. The adult population of
Trichoptera was dominant during the dry season. However, adults of Ephemeroptera were abundant during the wet season. 相似文献
99.
Mohsen Taherdanak Hamid Zilouei Keikhosro Karimi 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(11):1129-1134
Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was used to improve the biomethane production from wheat plant (WP) via mesophilic anaerobic digestion. The pretreatments were performed at 121°C for different time durations of 10, 30, 60, and 120 min. The maximum methane yield of 302.4 mL/g volatile solids (VS) was obtained after the pretreatment for 120 min, which was 15.5% higher than that of the untreated WP. The highest amounts of lignin removal (15.2%) and xylan degradation (91.5%) were also achieved after this pretreatment. The pretreatment for 60 min enhanced the methane yield by 8.9%, while the pretreatments for 10 and 30 min had no positive effects on the methane yield. All of the pretreatments significantly removed the hemicelluloses. Moreover, the qualitative analysis of the untreated and pretreated WP structure showed significant reduction in the crystallinity index accompanied by the destruction of surface layers of WP structure after pretreatment. 相似文献
100.
Abbas Hamid Sulaymon Shahlaa Esmail Ebrahim Mohanad Jasim Mohammed-Ridha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):175-187