岷江上游高山森林冬季河流中凋落叶碳、氮和磷元素动态特征

高山森林河流中凋落叶元素释放动态不仅是生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要组成部分,而且是森林养分流失的主要过程,并可能与冬季雪被和冻融导致的水环境变化密切相关.以岷江上游高山森林4种代表性植物康定柳(Salix paraplesia)、高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)、方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)和四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)凋落叶为对象,采用凋落叶分解袋法,研究冬季不同冻融时期(冻结初期、冻结期、融化期)河流中凋落叶碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)元素动态特征.康定柳、方枝柏和四川红杉凋落叶C(14.6%-47.7%)、N(22.3%-58.5%)和P(4.8%-20.5%)元素在整个冬季均表现为明显的释放现象,而高山杜鹃凋落叶C(-7.3%)和N(-62.7%)表现为明显的负释放(富集)现象,P(0.7%)表现为微量的释放现象.整体而言,凋落叶分解过程中C、N和P元素在冬季的冻结初期、冻结期和融化期整体表现为释放—富集—释放的模式,但康定柳和方枝柏凋落叶N表现为富集—富集—释放模式,方枝柏凋落叶P表现为释放—富集—富集模式.同时,凋落叶C、N和P元素的释放率受河流水温、p H、电导率和C、N、P营养元素等水体环境因子的显著影响.这些结果表明高山森林河流水环境特征显著影响了凋落叶分解过程中元素动态及其相关的物质循环过程,但影响程度受到凋落叶种类和基质质量的控制.     

超微七味白术散与酵母菌协同治疗小鼠菌群失调腹泻

探讨超微七味白术散与酵母菌联用对菌群失调腹泻的疗效,可为超微七味白术散与酵母菌配伍制剂的研发提供依据.采用抗生素建立小鼠菌群失调腹泻模型,灌胃给药七味白术散50%量超微汤药、50%量超微汤药+12.5%量酵母、25%量超微汤药+25%量酵母、12.5%量超微汤药+50%量酵母及全量酵母,比较分析小鼠体重变化率、免疫器官指数、肠道菌群数及酶活.结果表明,超微七味白术散和酵母菌对小鼠体重和脾脏无显著影响,各治疗组的胸腺指数为正常水平(P>0.05);超微七味白术散和酵母菌均能促进双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的生长(P<0.01),调节微生态平衡;50%量超微汤药组和25%量超微汤药+25%量酵母组的大肠杆菌、细菌数恢复至正常水平(P>0.05).治疗后肠道内纤维素酶活性均恢复至正常组(对照)水平(P>0.05);50%量超微汤药+12.5%量酵母组和25%量超微汤药+25%酵母量组的淀粉酶活性恢复至正常水平(P>0.05);木聚糖酶、蛋白酶活性与超微饮片的浓度及酵母菌的量有一定的关系,但均未达到正常组水平(P<0.05).说明七味白术散25%量超微汤药+25%量酵母配伍能够有效治疗菌群失调小鼠腹泻,其效果与超微七味白术散50%量相当,达到全量传统汤剂的效果.     

Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (AGS), on the ozonation of bezafibrate (BF), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), was investigated. The results show that ozonation efficiently removed BF from aqueous solution with removal efficiencies>95% within 8 min for all conditions. The reaction rate of BF decreased with increasing model compounds concentrations and the influence was more pronounced for HA and BSA, while less pronounced for AGS. Although BF concentration was significantly reduced, the degree of mineralization achieved was only approximately 11%. The addition of HA and BSA improved the mineralization of the solution, while the influence of AGS was minor. The acute toxicity of BF solution during ozonation was determined using the Luminescent bacteria test, and the toxicity exhibited an initial increase and a successive reduction. An overall decreased acute toxicity was observed with an increase of HA. The presence of BSA increased the formation rate of toxicity intermediates and resulted in inhibition peak forward.     

Interspecific and intraspecific identification of Dendrobium based on the psbAtrnH intergenic region sequences and the 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to investigate the interspecific and intraspecific identification of Dendrobium by using the multi-locus method so as to provide a molecular basis for Dendrobium identification through the combination of chloroplast psbA-trnH intergenic region sequences and ribosome 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences. PCR direct sequencing was applied to detect the chloroplast psbA-trnH intergenic region sequences as well as the ribosome 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences of 12 Dendrobium species, while the psbA-trnH intergenic region sequences of Dendrobium denneanum dq-2 variety and dq- 5line were cloned and sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyzing. The sequences were analyzed by the software Sequencher4.14, Bioedit7.0, MEGA5.2 and Dansp5.0; the interspecific and intraspecific Kimara-2-Parameter(K2P) distances were also calculated. The phylogenetic tree (using Neighbor joining method) was constructed with Bulbophyllum odoratissimum and Bletilla striata as outgroup. The results showed an average length of chloroplast psbA-trnH gene sequences in Dendrobium as 742.3 bp, with 72 variable sites, including 33 information sites; the average length of the ribosome 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences in Dendrobium was 336.4 bp, with 213 variable sites including 139 information sites. Using psbAtrnH intergenic region sequences in combination with ribosome 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences can not only identify D. denneanum, D. hancockil, D. thysiflorum, D. devonianum, D. moniliforme, D. chrysotoxum, D. officinale, D. heterocarpum and D. nobile, but also differentiate D. officinale from different geographical populations, and distinguish the dq-2 variety and dq 5line with SNP in the multi locus of D. denneanum.     

水环境中的灰色水质风险研究

在灰色系统理论中定义了一个白化度用来描述水质风险，并作了实例研究，将结果与概率风险进行了比较分析。研究表明，用两种方法研究的风险呈现了较一致的变化趋势，因此，用灰色系统理论研究水质风险具有一定的可行性。     

基于GIS技术的城市大气环境质量评价——以淮南市为例

以淮南市为例 ,探讨了基于地理信息系统GIS技术进行城市大气环境质量评价的分析方法。利用GIS的空间数据管理、分析和图形显示、输出功能 ,对大气环境进行多因素复合分析 ,建立了基于“变权”思想的大气环境质量综合评价的污染指数模型和大气环境质量等级标准 ,并以图表的形式输出了评价结果。结果表明利用GIS技术进行城市大气环境研究具有传统方法无法比拟的优势 ,具有广阔的应用前景 ;所建立的大气环境评价模型和等级划分标准简单、客观、合理 ,具有实际应用意义。     

AutoCAD环境下压铸模模板图形库系统设计

采用AutoCAD及其内部语言AutoLISP ,在AutoCAD环境下 ,开发了压铸模模板图形库系统。利用本系统只需输入几个基本参数 ,即可生成压铸模模板图形及相应的零件图。     

浅析环保思想在企业CI战略中的应用和作用

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的确立，以市场战略为导向的CI逐步在中国兴起。文中分析了环保思想在企业口战略中的应用和作用。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣及其性质分析

2002年，上海有2座生活垃圾焚烧厂将点火运动。每年将产生约18万t左右的焚烧灰渣。在决定灰渣的最终处理处置方案前，应对焚烧灰渣的性质有全面的了解。详细介绍了国外城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣甚至生位置的不同分类，并介绍了各类灰渣的物理化学性质和工程性质，以及其重金属的浸出特征。对灰渣处理放置或有效利用时需注意的问题作了分析。     

我国矿产资源国家所有权的价值考量

我国经济高速发展的同时,出现了矿产资源大量消耗和环境严重污染的问题。许多学者认为是矿产资源国家所有权惹的祸,极力倡导所有权改制。从理性的角度出发分析,出现这种现象并不是国家所有权惹的祸,而是国家所有权的管理体制不再适应今天市场化的要求,应从管理体制和竞争方面来加强矿产资源的管理。