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E. Helmers 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2010,22(5):564-578
Motorized traffic is among the biggest CO2-emitting sources and is additionally dominating NOx emission. Engine technology shifts are approaching, while automobiles developed in Germany and Europe are exported worldwide together with the European emission thresholds for cars. The Diesel car boom induced by EU commission, national EU governments and car industry is accordingly analyzed for sustainability and its effects on environment. German CO2 emission reduction numbers by motorized traffic, as claimed by the government, are questioned. Radiative forcing by soot (black carbon) Diesel car emissions is added on the CO2 emissions by fuel combustion. Diesel cars without particle filters are found to cause an atmospheric warming. Modelled and measured NOx emission data are assessed to mismatch considerably. In spite of an ambitious national NOx reduction plan there is excess NOx emission by the German and European Diesel car boom. In this context environmental sustainability of battery electric vehicles (BEV) is investigated. Direct (by car) und indirect (by power plant) emissions (CO2, NOx, PM10, SO2) of cars with internal combustion engines (ICE) and BEVs, respectively, are calculated and compared. CO2-ecoanalysis revealed advantages for BEVs even operated with current German electricity mix based on around 15?% renewable sources. 相似文献