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981.
982.
Stream discharge of a watershed is affected and altered by climate and landcover changes. These effects vary depending on the magnitude and interaction of the changes, and need to be understood so that local water resource availability can be evaluated and socioeconomic development within a watershed be pursued and managed in a way sustainable with the local water resources. In this study, the landcover and climate change effects on stream discharge from the Jacks Fork River basin in the Ozark Highlands of the south-central United States were examined in three phases: site observation and data collection, model calibration and simulation, and model experiment and analysis. Major results of the study show that climate fluctuations between wet and dry extremes resulted in the same change of the basin discharge regardless of the landcover condition in the basin. On the other hand, under a specified climate condition landcover change from a grassland basin to a fully forested basin only resulted in about one half of the discharge change caused by the climate variation. Furthermore, when landcover change occurred simultaneously with climate variation, the basin discharge change amplified significantly and became larger than the combined discharge changes caused by the climate and landcover change alone, a result indicating a synergistic effect of landcover and climate change on basin discharge variability.
Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Contribution Number 13437.Qi Hu: Corresponding author: Dr. Qi Hu, Climate and Bio-Atmospheric Sciences Group, School of Natural Resource Sciences, 237 L.W. Chase Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0728, USA. E-mail: qhu2@unl.edu. 相似文献
983.
984.
Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The problem of pollution by phthalates is of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disruption properties. The contamination by phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 23 arable soils throughout China was investigated to evaluate the present pollution situation. The survey results demonstrated that phthalates were ubiquitous pollutants in soils in China. The total concentrations of phthalates differed from one location to another, and ranged from 0.89 to 10.03 mg kg(-1) with a median concentration of 3.43 mg kg(-1). Among the phthalates, DEHP was dominant and detected in all 23 soils. DEP and DBP were also in abundance, and DMP was rarely detected. Similar contamination patterns were observed in all 23 soils. A distinct feature of phthalate pollution in China was that the average concentration in northern China was higher than that in southern China. In addition, a close relationship was observed between the concentration of phthalates in soils and the consumption of agricultural film. The correlation showed that the application of agriculture film might be a significant pollution source of phthalates in arable soils of China. The potential risk of phthalates in soils was assessed on the basis of current guide values and limits. 相似文献
985.
CometabolicdegradationofveratrylalcoholandbiphenylbywhiterotfungusundernitrogennutritionrichconditionLinLu,DengYaojie,HuJi... 相似文献
986.
987.
污泥上清液的有机物浓度及其生物降解性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在进行城市生活污水的生物处理过程中,会产生一定量的生化污泥。在浓缩和处理剩余污泥时,所产生的含高浓度有机物的污泥上清液被回流到污水处理系统,不适当的回流会增加水处理系统的负荷并严重影响,出水的水质。实验证明,在污泥浓缩中,污泥上清液中有机物含有与浓缩温度成e指数关系,与浓缩时间成小于1的指数关系。 相似文献
988.
声波反吹清灰对除尘效率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
声波反吹清灰会使除尘效率略有降低,已被实验和统计资料所证实。为减小其对除尘效率的影响,又要达到降低除尘器运行阻力的目的,必须选择合适的鸣喇叭次数。对于较难脱落的粉尘应选较多的鸣喇叭次数,而对较易脱落的粉尘则不需每次清灰都鸣喇叭,仅需偶而启动一次。本文通过实验证明,对本实验所用的除尘系统,每四次反吹清灰后鸣喇叭一次是合适的。 相似文献
989.
灰色关联分析在安全投资方案选择中的探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了灰色关联分析的基本思想和分析步骤,在论述了安全投资的基本内涵及构成的基础上,采用灰色关联分析计算灰色关联度,并由其确定权重的客观多目标的决策方法,最终得出最合理的安全投资方案。通过实例分析,说明了此方法在安全投资方案选择上的科学性和实用性。 相似文献
990.
Daizhou Zhang Guangyu Shi Yasunobu Iwasaka Min Hu Jiaye Zang 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):261-276
Analysis of individual particles collected at Beijing in northern China revealed that particles abundant in calcium (Ca) always
constituted a large fraction of mineral particles in the urban atmosphere. The particles were characterized by cubic morphologies.
The major mineral element in the particles was Ca and few or no other mineral elements were detected. A large number of the
particles were in the range of diameter <1 μm, where common natural mineral particles were rarely detected. The contribution
of the Ca particles to the volume of total mineral particles greatly exceeded that of other mineral particles during non-dust-storm
periods and was comparable to that during dust-storm periods. Reagent film tests showed that particulate sulfate and nitrate
formation on the Ca particles was similar to that on common mineral particles. These results indicate that a large portion
of Ca in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing was from anthropogenic sources rather than from natural sources, and
the anthropogenic Ca particles acted as a significant medium for the formation of sulfate and nitrate. Similar particles were
also detected at Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Data of a dust storm event showed that Ca-abundant particles from
East China arrived there and moved out of the continent, similarly to Asian dust storm particles, suggesting possible contributions
of anthropogenic Ca even in Asian dust storm samples in the downstream areas. Therefore, Ca may not be a good indicator of
Asian dust from natural sources. However, the Ca particles, due to their unique shapes and elemental compositions, may provide
an indicator for the atmospheric dispersion of anthropogenic particulate matters in East Asia. 相似文献