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Sang-Won Park Sung-Kuk Kim Jeong-Bae Kim Sung-Woo Choi Hilary I. Inyang Shuzo Tokunaga 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(1-2):97-110
Halogenated aliphatic compounds (HACs) can be reduced by iron sulfides in aqueous systems. Generally, the thermodynamics and
kinetics of dehalogenation reactions are controlled by the mineralogical and particle surface characteristics of the iron
sulfide, the composition of the HAC and reaction conditions such as component concentrations, pH and Eh. In this theoretical
and experimental investigation of CCl4 and C2Cl6 reduction by FeS and FeS2, the roles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites on the iron sulfides were analyzed. Experimental data obtained through zeta
potential measurements, were used along with the Gouy-Chapman model and the simple two-layer surface complexation model to
relate iron sulfide surface hydroxyl densities to the degree of HAC dehalogenation. The surface hydroxyl site densities of
FeS and FeS2 were found to be 0.11 sites/nm2 and 0.21 sites/nm2, respectively. During the dehalogenation reaction process, CCl4 was found to decrease to its first intermediate product CHCl3 within the first 20 hours followed by a slower process of conversion to CH2Cl2. The results also show that FeS is less hydrated (more hydrophobic) than FeS2. For CCl4 and C2Cl6, FeS is a better dehalogenator than FeS2. These results imply that particle surface hydrophobicity is a critical factor in surface-mediated dehalogenation of chlorinated
compounds. 相似文献
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Thornton Grace L. Stevens Brian French Shannon K. Shirose Leonard J. Reggeti Felipe Schrier Nick Parmley E. Jane Reid Alexandra Jardine Claire M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(23):34137-34146
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used globally to control rodent pest infestations in both urban and agricultural settings. It is well documented... 相似文献
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This paper describes a GIS-based estimation method that can be used to forecast future amounts of impervious surface as a mitigation measure for urban heat island effect in a metropolitan region. The method is unique because it employs a regression model that links the existing amount of impervious surface to population and employment at the census tract level. This approach provides a means to forecast future amounts of impervious surface based on projected population and employment. The method also includes a detailed analysis of high-resolution aerial photography to divide impervious surfaces into different categories. Subdividing impervious surfaces is necessary to evaluate potential urban heat island mitigation policies for different types of impervious surface. The analysis here shows that the impervious surface in the metropolitan Atlanta region will increase to 2638 km2 in 2030, an increase of 45% from 2000. The most common type of impervious surface is dark-coloured pavement. Within this study area, the analyses showed that two-thirds of impervious surfaces are dark. Replacing dark pavement with light pavement materials, therefore, represents an important opportunity to mitigate the urban heat island effect in the Atlanta region. 相似文献
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Research suggests that previous, current, and prospective extractive industry activities influence perceptions of new development. Studies that have drawn this conclusion, however, have usually focused on specific projects in specific communities. Here, these factors are examined on an aggregate, national scale. Combining geospatial data on extractive industry activities and survey data from a nationally representative sample (N = 1061), the influence of extractive industry activities on support for fracking is studied. While limited evidence is found for the impact of proximity to oil and gas wells or production on support for fracking, employment levels in the natural resources and mining sector in the respondent’s county and residence in an area experiencing active oil and gas development significantly increase support for fracking. The results highlight the role of spatial and community factors in shaping support for energy development. 相似文献
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We exposed zoeae of the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii to either bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBT) or di-n-butyltin dichloride (DBT). Experiments were repeated with zoeae from females collected from the Petaluma River, California in June–August 1983 and 1984 or from Sykes Creek, Florida (USA) in February 1985. Using probit analysis, we calculated LC50 values for exposure lasting the duration of zoeal development. Tributyltin was 54 to 65 times more toxic than dibutyltin, the lower value characterizing the response of Florida zoeae. Increases in duration of zoeal development and reduction of dry weights of megalops, both sublethal responses, were dose-dependent for the two populations. However, zoeae from Florida consistently had shorter duration of zoeal development and higher megalopal weights at metamorphosis, indicating less sensitivity to an identical exposure to either organotin compound. The results of these experiments show that dibutyltin, a putative degradation product of tributyltin, is less toxic than the parent compound. In addition, early life-history stages of two populations may have significantly different responses to xenobiotic stress which, in the case of brachyuran larvae, is evident in a differential reduction of survival and growth and an increase in duration of zoeal development. 相似文献