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21.
Hilda Granda Suzana Gispert Gisela Martinez Manuel Gomez Raul Ferreira Teresa Collazo Carlos Magariño Luis Heredero 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(8):659-662
A nationwide programme for the prevention of sickle cell (SS and SC) disorders was initiated in Cuba in 1983. Couples at risk were identified by screening pregnant women and the partners of those who carry an abnormal haemoglobin, followed by genetic counselling and the offer of prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis was performed in one laboratory, which had carried out 1068 prenatal tests for Hb SS and SC disorders by the end of 1992. The centralization of the service has permitted rapid identification and resolution of problems. 相似文献
22.
Sau-Ping Kwan Ann P. Walker Tracy Hagemann Sudhir Gupta Bharathi Vayuvegula Hans D. Ochs 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(6):493-496
X-linked agammaglobulinaemia is an inherited recessive disease in which the primary defect lies in the failure of pre-B cells to develop into mature circulating B cells, due to a defective B-cell cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (btk). For this study we introduced a new RFLP marker, SP282, which is tightly linked to the XLA locus. In conjunction with the marker DXS178, SP282 was used to identify a carrier female and predict her male offspring to be normal. Subsequently the fetus was shown to have a normal number of circulating B cells, and at 2·5 years of age, the non-affected phenotype of the child was confirmed. 相似文献
23.
Kwan Tun Lee 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(2):375-384
ABSTRACT: The geomorphic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) may be one of the most successful methodologies for predicting flow characteristics in ungauged watersheds. However, one difficulty in applying the GIUH model is determination of travel time, and the other difficulty is the large amount of geomorphologic information required in the study watershed. Recently, using the kinematic-wave theory Lee and Yen (1997) have analytically determined the travel times for overland and channel flows in watersheds. The limitation of using an empirical velocity equation to estimate the runoff travel time for a specified watershed is then relaxed. To simplify the time-consuming work involved in geomorphic parameter measurement on topographic maps, the GIUH model is linked with geographic information systems to obtain geomorphic parameters from digital elevation models. In this paper, a case study performed for peak flow analysis in an ungauged watershed is presented. The geomorphic characteristics of the study watershed were analyzed using a digital elevation model and were used to construct the runoff simulation model. The design storm was then applied to the geomorphic runoff simulation model to obtain the design hydrograph. The analytical procedures proposed in this study can provide a convenient way for hydrologists to estimate hydrograph characteristics based on limited hydrologic information. 相似文献
24.
B. J. Dutka K. K. Kwan S. S. Rao A. Jurkovic D. Liu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1991,16(3):287-313
One of the many problems researchers and managers face is to try and interpret data collected from various river studies. There is an underlying awareness of the incompleteness of most data bases due to a variety of problems outside of those concerning sample processing.In this study we have attempted, by using the battery of tests approach (12 tests) and the examination of different types of samples such as water, Milli-Q water extracted sediments, and organic solvent extracted sediments, to explore the implication of spacial and temporal sampling programmes.The results obtained were not unexpected: there were spatial and temporal influences, sometimes so great that it would appear that you were examining samples from different parts of the country. However, data arising from solvent extracted sediments were found to be much less influenced by temporal sampling than by spatial variation. Another interesting and important observation was that sediment composition appeared to have no relationship to toxicant content.In this study, the first field application of the Mutatox test (genotoxicity) was carried out and it was found to be a very responsive test in all three types of samples. This test shows great promise as laboratory studies indicate it is sensitive to many of the chemicals which trigger the Ames test. 相似文献
25.
Catalytic ozonation is progressively becoming an attractive technique for quick water purification but efficient and stable catalysts remains elusive. Here we solvothermally synthesized highly-dispersed Co3O4 nanocrystals over microscale nitrogen-doping graphene (NG) nanosheets and tested it as a synthetic catalyst in the ozonation of phenol in aqueous solutions. Transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to determine its morphology, crystallinity, elemental composition and molecular bonds, respectively. The comparative experiments confirmed the highest catalytic activity and oxidation degree (AOSC) of Co3O4/NG among four nanocomposites (G, NG, Co3O4/G, and Co3O4/NG). Co3O4/NG also has exhibited the highest degradation rate: complete conversion of a near-saturated concentration of phenol (941.1 mg/L) was achieved within 30 min under ambient conditions with only a small dosage of Co3O4/NG (50 mg/L) and ozone (4 mg/L, flow rate: 0.5 L/min). It also resulted in 34.6% chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and 24.2% total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. In this work, graphene nanosheets not only functioned as a support for Co3O4 nanocrystals but also functioned as a co-catalyst for the enhancement in phenol removal efficiency. The surface nitridation and Co3O4 modification treatment further improved the removal rate of the phenol pollutants and brought in the higher oxidation degree. Our finding may open new perspectives for pursuing exceptional activity for catalytic ozonation reaction. 相似文献
26.
Medina-Mijangos Rubí De Andrés Andrés Guerrero-Garcia-Rojas Hilda Seguí-Amórtegui Luis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(15):18807-18825
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Countries face a serious problem due to the generation and management of higher volumes of waste. Large-scale production of waste has promoted the... 相似文献
27.
Distribution and assessment of Pb in the supergene environment of the Huainan Coal Mining Area,Anhui, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ting Fang Guijian Liu Chuncai Zhou Zijiao Yuan Paul Kwan Sing Lam 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):4753-4765
Coal mining area is highly subject to lead (Pb) pollution from coal mining activities. Several decades of coal mining and processing practices in dozens of coal mines in the Huainan Coal Mining Area (HCMA) have led to the accumulation of massive amounts of coal gangue, which piled in dumps. In order to investigate the impacts of coal gangue dumps on Pb level in the supergene media of the HCMA, a systematic sampling campaign comprising coal gangue, soil, wheat, and earthworm samples was conducted. The average Pb content in the coal mining area soil is 24 mg/kg, which is slightly higher than the associated coal gangues (23 mg/kg) and markedly higher than reference region soil (12.6 mg/kg). Soil in the HCMA present a slight to moderate Pb contamination, which might be related to the weathering and leaching of coal gangue dumps. Lateral distribution of Pb in HCMA soil differed among individual coal mines. The soil profile distribution of Pb depends on both natural and anthropogenic contributions. Average Pb content is higher in roots than in stems, leaves, and wheat husks, while the Pb level in seeds exceeded the maximum Pb allowance for foods (Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods of China, GB 2762–2012). Earthworms in the selected area are significantly enriched in Pb, suggesting higher bio-available Pb level in soil in the HCMA. 相似文献
28.
Hilda Cid-Dresdner 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1964,51(16):380-381
29.
This paper examines variation in local perceptions of risk in semi-arid Tanzania, identifying factors that influence local perceptions of problems and testing the feasibility of risk mapping as a technique. Twelve villages in six districts were visited between February and April 2001. Villagers were asked about their worries and concerns in providing for themselves and their families using a risk questionnaire. The responses were grouped into 21 categories of problem and incidence and severity indices were calculated for each category. Most problems were associated with the availability of natural resources on which livelihoods depend but others related to human and social capital assets. In addition to environmental factors, livelihood strategy and gender both influenced people's perceptions of risk. Problems of irrigation and weather, for example, were important for agricultural communities while problems relating to livestock diseases, access to land and hunger were more important in pastoral communities. The risks cited by men and women generally reflected their traditional roles in society. Very broadly, the risks associated with natural capital tended to be seen as higher by men while women mentioned more problems relating to human and social capital. However, this was not always the case. Problems linked to finance, traditionally the concern of men, were ranked similarly by men and women. In projects designed to facilitate community management and control over common pool resources, the identification of common interests is particularly important. Risk mapping can provide a cost-effective way of gaining insights to help improve research design and to inform policy development. 相似文献
30.
Ulloa-Ogaz Ana Laura Piñón-Castillo Hilda Amelia Muñoz-Castellanos Laila Nayzzel Athie-García Martha Samira Ballinas-Casarrubias María De Lourdes Murillo-Ramirez José Guadalupe Flores-Ongay Luis Ángel Duran Robert Orrantia-Borunda Erasmo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):22048-22060
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and their properties are important issues in nanotechnology research. Particularly, NPs affect the metabolism... 相似文献