油田用钨合金镀层腐蚀性能评价研究

目的评价钨合金镀层油管的腐蚀性能。方法利用高压釜模拟高压气井和高含硫气井的腐蚀环境,进行高压高温腐蚀试验,以及标准的氢致开裂(HIC)和硫化氢应力腐蚀试验。采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)及其能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD),分析或检测钨合金镀层和基管的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物的组成。结果油管表面的钨合金镀层平整而致密,其主要组成元素为W和Ni。高温高压腐蚀试验后,镀层仍然致密平整,腐蚀程度轻微。在60、90、120、140℃试验7天时,镀层和基材的H_2S/CO_2腐蚀速率分别为0.0179、0.0093、0.0102、0.0369 mm/a和1.030、1.272、1.183、0.991 mm/a。试验30天,在120℃时,其H_2S/CO_2腐蚀速率分别为-0.0085、0.1789 mm/a;在160℃时,其CO_2腐蚀速率分别为0.0091、0.8976 mm/a。该钨合金镀层均通过了标准的氢致开裂和硫化氢应力腐蚀试验。结论该钨合金镀层具有很好的耐腐蚀性能。     

我国资源与环境信息系统建立与应用

资源与环境信息系统是研究人口、资源与环境的重要工具。本文论述了其定义和意义,说明其在我国发展的情况,以及应用上的特点,提出其建立与应用的广阔前景。     

Joint chemical flushing of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons

How to increase the efficiency of chemical flushing and decrease the remediation expenses of contaminated soils are two key scientific and technological issues to be solved. Joint chemical flushing was tested and compared with the water-flushing. The joint acid-flushing could effectively remove petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated aquorizem and the dosage of washing powder as a flushing agent was greatly reduced, thereby, saving approximately 1200 US dollars of expenses relative to the water-flushing. The joint salt-flushing could be an optimal method for the cleanup of meadow burozem contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons under the experimental conditions. Moreover, the amount of surfactant remained in the two washed soils after the joint acid-flushing and the joint-salt-flushing was minimal.     

固井水泥作业场所粉尘治理及效果评价

对油田固井水泥生产和使用作业场所进行了劳动卫生学调查,对粉尘污染严重的立式散装水泥储存罐尾气口排放、水泥裸口装卸、水泥与外加剂干混工艺进行了技术改造和粉尘治理,使作业场所空气中粉尘浓度由平均49.94 mg/m3降至1.19 mg/m3,除尘效率达97.81%,效果明显。     

小谚语大道理--抬头一看月儿圆,初一十五有点悬

农历8月15日,是炎黄子孙的传统节日——中秋节。在这一天,亲人团聚,把酒赏月,共诉衷肠,即使千里之外,人们也手举金杯,眼望明月,将自己的思念、祝福遥寄远方的亲人。公元1999年9月20日晚,台湾艺术家们与来自北京的艺术家们欢聚在宝岛的一个幽静典雅的名叫西海岸的地方。此处远望灯火如海,近观彩光迷离,两岸的艺术家们沉浸在     

小谚语大道理--鲁班盖房,墙倒屋不塌

迄今为止,“小谚语,大道理”已在“科普园地”刊出了15篇,涉及的内容有宏观前兆、预测方法、抗震设防、震害防御等。当然,地震谚语远不止这些,刊登这一系列文章,是本刊在科普体裁通俗及深度上的一次尝试。我们想以此为引子,繁荣系统内外科普创作的园地,也期待着有更多的地震科学工作者以深切的责任感,关注科普园地,并赐予更多的心血精品。此栏目推出以来,得到了广大读者的支持和厚爱,这无疑是对我们最大的鼓舞,在此谨表示诚挚的谢意。我们将和大家一起努力,把地震科普搞得更活更好。     

小谚语大道理--鸡也飞,狗也叫,老鼠机灵先跑掉

小时候,听奶奶说．很久很久以前,在距今300-440万年前的非洲原始森林公民大会上,百兽之王狮子向大家宣布了一个惊天动地的消息——古猿想走出森林去变成一个叫做“人”的怪物!大家吓坏了：他走了,别的不说,能摇山动地的地震由谁来管呢?有的得了恐惧症,有的患了忧郁症。无奈古猿去意已决,已把身上的长毛留给了小     

Theoretical equation of gas desorption of particle coal under the non-uniform pressure condition and its analytical solution

Based on the second Fick’s law, the theoretical equation of gas desorption of particle coal under the non-uniform pressure condition was developed in this paper. The analytical solution of the theoretical equation and the method of gas desorption quantity of particle coal under non-uniform pressure condition were obtained.     

Using game theory to describe strategy selection for environmental risk and carbon emissions reduction in the green supply chain

This paper provides an approach in the context of green supply chain management, using game theory to analyze the strategies selected by manufacturers to reduce life cycle environmental risk of materials and carbon emissions. Through the application of the ‘tolerability of risk’ concept, a basis for determining the extent of environmental risk and carbon emissions reduction has been established. Currently, scant attention is given to holistic supervision of the supply chain with respect to carbon emissions by governments, and thus the starting hypothesis here is that the default strategy that manufacturers will adopt is only to reduce carbon emissions, and thereby environmental risk, in so far as this is compatible with the aim of increasing revenue. Moreover, we further hypothesize that, once necessary governmental policy has been established in the supply chain management, the strategic choices of the manufacturers would be influenced by government penalties or incentives. A case example is provided to demonstrate the insight that indicates the application of game theory. The limitations of the game model and analysis are discussed, laying a foundation for further work.