Fenton试剂处理活性艳红印染废水的实验研究

采用Fenton试剂对活性艳红印染废水进行了处理。通过正交实验考察了反应时间、反应温度、双氧水/硫酸亚铁摩尔比以及pH对印染废水的色度及COD去除率的影响,确定了Fenton试剂处理废水的最佳条件。结果表明,随着反应时间的延长,色度及COD去除率增大,最佳反应时间为20 min;色度及COD的去除率随着反应温度的升高而增大,最佳反应温度为50℃。色度及COD的去除率在双氧水(30%)的用量与硫酸亚铁用量之比为1:3.1时,去除效果最好;最佳pH值为4.5。出水达到排放标准。此法具有去除率高,设备简单,占地面小,操作方便,不产生二次污染等优点。     

TiO2/PVDF编织管改性复合膜的制备及性能

以PET编织管为内支撑层,以PVDF为膜基材、纳米TiO2粒子为亲水化改性剂,利用涂覆-浸没凝胶相转化法制备得到具有高强度高通量的PVDF-PET编织管改性复合膜。考察PVDF含量对涂覆及膜表面形貌和膜性能的影响。以水通量、抗污染性等为评价指标,确定改性膜中纳米TiO2颗粒的最佳投入比。结果表明：PVDF-PET编织管中空纤维膜在PVDF耗量、过滤面积和机械强度上较传统中空纤维膜具有更大优势。当铸膜液中PVDF含量在10%~14%时,膜表面平整光滑,涂覆均匀;PVDF含量为12%时,复合膜孔隙率最大。由QCM-D检测分析可知,PVDF/TiO2膜与纯PVDF膜相比,牛血清蛋白（BSA）吸附量减少;TiO2含量为1%时复合膜通量衰减率最低,抗污染性最强,通量最大,复合膜整体性能更为优异。     

垃圾分选设备及垃圾处理技术展望

我国是人口大国 ,随着人民生活水平的不断提高 ,现有的垃圾处理技术已逐渐不能适应产量日益增长与成分不断复杂化的垃圾处理的需要 ,垃圾处理急需一场革命性的变化 ,必须摆脱现有城市垃圾处理三大方法面临的技术上难以避免的弊端和“阴影”。也就是说 ,垃圾处理应该从垃圾分选设备技术整体创新入手 ,引入一整套的垃圾机械处理联合装置及各种新型的联合处理方法 ,使垃圾处理成本大大降低 ,从而产生一次历史转折性的突破 ,带动和实现垃圾处理的产业化。为了达到这一目标 ,对垃圾处理需要重点解决的技术难关进行了探讨与展望     

负载型磷酸氧钒低温脱硝催化剂的制备及其抗硫抗水性能

针对目前低温脱硝催化剂抗硫抗水性较差的不足,以TiO2为载体负载活性组分V2O5,利用磷酸调控表面酸性,制备了磷酸氧钒催化剂VPO/TiO2,并实验研究了SO2和水蒸气对其脱硝活性的影响。结果表明：控制P与V的摩尔比为1/5,活性组分(VPO)负载量为10%,焙烧温度为400 ℃时,催化剂脱硝性能最好,180~400 ℃温度范围内脱硝率高于98%;反应温度为200 ℃,烟气中SO2体积分数为200×10-6~800×10-6和水蒸气体积分数为4%时,催化剂的活性无明显下降。添加磷酸能够促使催化剂表面生成VOPO4、(VO)2P2O7及V4+/V5+氧化还原电对,提高了催化剂的低温脱硝活性。磷酸可增强催化剂的表面酸性,减少了SO2的表面吸附及其与活性组分的反应。另外,催化剂表面以介孔为主,可提高未被水分子占据的活性位点量,FT-IR图谱显示抗硫抗水测试后的VPO/TiO2表面未发现有硫酸根生成,VPO/TiO2表现出较强的抗SO2和水蒸气毒化的性能。负载型磷酸氧钒催化剂具有较高的脱硝活性和较强的抗硫抗水性能。     

Characterization of modified Alternanthera philoxeroides by diethylenetriamine and its application in the adsorption of copper(II) ions in aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - By a simple and convenient method of using epichlorohydrin as linkages, a novel Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP) derivative modified with...     

Characteristics of Asian dust transport based on synoptic meteorological analysis over Korea

Classification of synoptic patterns and their correlation with dust events over East Asia were performed by means of cluster analysis. The average linkage and K-means clustering techniques were used to identify two major weather types during Asian dust events (ADEs; total 26 ADEs with 47 dusty days) of six spring seasons from 1996 to 2001. The first weather type mainly influenced neighboring Asian countries and frequently occurred with ADEs (approximately 23% of ADE cases). It mostly occurred under a surface high (low)-pressure system over the west (east) of the Korean peninsula coupled with an upper-level trough and cutoff low passage over the center of the Korean peninsula. It showed strong advection in the middle/ upper troposphere with both a high aerosol index and enhanced coarse particulate matter (PM) loading over Korea. In contrast, the second weather type was mostly associated with long distance or continental-scale transport and occurred less frequently with ADEs (approximately 15%). It appeared with an upper-level trough and a cutoff low vertically connected with a surface low system that was formed by a strong cyclonic vortex over the north of the Korean peninsula. There were weak advection, low aerosol index, and low coarse PM concentration over the Korean peninsula during the second weather type. In addition, it was found to be mostly associated with the trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust to the western coast of North America.     

土壤环境质量标准在工程应用中的局限性分析

为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,加强建设用地土壤环境监管,管控污染地块对人体健康的风险,保障人居环境安全,生态环保部组织相关部门编制了土壤环境质量标准,并于2018年8月1日起开始实施。在标准实施的过程和应用过程中发现新发布的标准存在一些局限性。本文以土壤污染机理为基础,结合现行的治理技术,论述土壤质量标准在时间、空间及应用中的局限性。     

自动扶梯(人行道)安全距离测量专用工具箱的设计

在自动扶梯(人行道)的检验过程中,关于安全距离和尺寸的测量项目众多,特别是针对防夹装置、防护挡板以及扶手带周围距离等项目的检验,烦琐复杂且费时费力.本文简要讨论了国内自动扶梯典型事故、自动扶梯(人行道)安全距离和尺寸的检验难点以及目前市场上的解决方案,开发出专用工具箱,从而有效提高检验准确率和效率.     

ABR-好氧颗粒污泥处理黄连素废水的启动研究

实验研究了ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺处理黄连素制药废水的启动运行,通过分析发现,ABR装置在HRT为4 d,黄连素浓度为50 mg/L的运行方式下成功启动,反应器运行稳定后每个格室MLSS平均值分别为25 840、21 560、27 500和11 200 mg/L。以ABR出水为营养物,成功培养出粒径在2～10 mm,沉降速率为104～137 m/h,沉降性能优良的好氧颗粒污泥。该组合工艺在启动实验的末期,进水COD浓度为3 000～4 000 mg/L左右,出水COD浓度到达168.4～271mg/L,系统总的去除率保持在90%～95%之间,表明ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺能够有效地处理黄连素制药废水。     

Determinations of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds from China by isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS

HBCD is widely used brominated flame retardant, which is increasingly reported in the environment. A new isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed to determine three HBCD isomers, α-, β- and γ-HBCD in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds in this study, and especially for the first time HBCD isomers composition in crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds. Soxhlet extractor and GPC cleanup were used, some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures, and LC and MS/MS conditions were optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.01, 0.005 and 0.005 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in channel catfish and crayfish were calculated for three HBCD isomers, respectively; so did 0.1, 0.05 and 0.05 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in eggs and 0.2, 0.1, 0.1 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in fish feeds. Recoveries of α-HBCD, β-HBCD and γ-HBCD were ranged between 75% and 105% for these productions at medium and high-level spiked samples, and between 60% and 85% at low-level spiked samples. The established methods were therefore suitable for the determinations of three HBCD isomers in these productions at trace contamination levels. Moreover, thirty commercial channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds samples collected from local markets, and thirty home-produced hen eggs from private owners in Hubei province of China, were analyzed to determine whether these productions were contaminated by HBCD. Using the established methods, HBCD emerged in 4 of 30 fish feeds and 3 of 30 home-produced eggs, and in low-ng g⁻¹ wet weight.