中空柱状生物膜载体在处理工业废水工程中的应用

本文介绍新开发的一种在污水处理中的高科技产品一高效生物膜载体,通过对其在与其他处理方式各方面择比研究过程中的高找到其特点,推广新科技。     

直接接触式膜蒸馏浓缩处理高浓度发酵废液效能

采用直接接触式膜蒸馏工艺(DCMD)浓缩处理高浓度发酵废液,在热侧温度65℃、冷侧温度30℃条件下,连续运行21 h,考察了浓缩过程中产水通量、产水侧COD和TOC浓度变化及蛋白质浓缩效果.结果表明,产水通量随运行时间延长而下降且降速较快,15 h内由17.1 kg/(m2·h)降至8.9 kg/(m2·h);经去离子水冲洗,产水通量可恢复至56.1%.产水中COD和TOC浓度随处理时间延长而不断增大.此外,原水与膜蒸馏出水中GC-MS分析结果也表明,随运行时间延长,原水中有更多种类的有机物进入产水侧,主要为挥发性有机物.对膜内表面进行扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)分析发现,膜内表面有块状沉积物出现,主要成分为有机物,含有少量的无机物.DCMD运行21 h后,废液体积浓缩8.3倍,有用组分蛋白质浓缩6.9倍,COD和TOC的去除率均达95%以上.     

北京市公交车内噪声监测与分析

公交车内噪声环境是影响驾驶员、售票员以及乘客乘车环境的重要物理因素.鉴于此,选取了北京3类15辆公交车进行了测量与分析.结果显示,北京公交车内噪声LAeq最高达到了79.6dB(A),噪声污染级最高达到91.9dB(A),交通噪声指数最高达96.3dB(A).显示北京公交车内噪声污染较为严重.此外对不同测点位置、不同类型车辆的噪声水平进行了方差分析.测点位置、车辆类型以及其交互效应均不存在显著差异(P＞0.05).频谱分析显示,车内噪声以低频为主,且呈现出显著的线性特征.铰链式公交车的部分高频成分较为显著.进一步计算发现NCB值均较高,车内存在较显著隆隆声和振动感,铰链式车辆的NCB值也显著高于其他两类公交车.为降低公交车内噪声强度,防止司售人员和乘客所处声环境的进一步恶化,建议相关部门采取有效措施进行控制.     

长江经济带科技创新资源集聚能力空间格局及网络结构

随着科技创新资源由技术推动和需求拉动的线性模式转向合作的空间网络模式,探究其空间格局及网络结构特征,剖析空间格局及网络结构形成的原因,对区域实现科技创新引领发展具有重要意义.基于ArcGIS可视化和社会网络分析法对2004～2017年长江经济带科技创新资源集聚能力的空间格局及网络结构特征进行分析,结果显示:(1)长江经济带科技创新资源集聚能力呈现逐渐增强的态势,两极分化现象严重,由东向西梯次变弱,且具有明显"领导型—追赶型—跟随型"的特征;(2)科技创新资源集聚能力空间网络联系愈来愈密集,网络密度呈现下降趋势,网络等级、网络效率均呈现上升趋势;(3)中心度排名前十位城市的科技创新资源集聚能力与其他城市空间网络联系较多,并在网络中处于中心位置和扮演支配者角色;(4)包含上海、苏州等33个城市的板块一属于"净溢出"板块,包含重庆、成都等26个城市的板块二属于"双向溢出"板块,包含武汉、长沙等41个城市的板块三属于"经纪人"板块,包含贵阳、昆明等29个城市的板块四属于"净受益"板块.鉴于此,从大力发展新型基础设施建设、促进核心城市科技创新驱动和推进科技创新资源合作平台的构建等方面提出了政策建议.     

新冠肺炎疫情下的高校复课综合风险评估

为评估新冠肺炎疫情下的高校复课综合风险,辅助高校进行复课组织决策,探讨一种高校复课风险评估方法.首先,引入压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,分析各要素互相影响机制,并建立高校复课新冠肺炎疫情综合风险评估指标体系;然后,利用风险的致灾因子与受灾体的脆弱性衡量疫情综合风险度,提出一种高校复课新冠疫情风险的评估方法;最后,以西...     

Fertilization success and sexual behavior in male medaka, Oryzias latipes, exposed to tributyltin

We evaluated the effects of tributyltin (TBT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and a mixture of TBT and PCBs on reproduction, gonadal histology, and sexual behavior in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). We administered TBT (1 microg g(-1) body weight [b.w.] daily), PCBs (1 microg g(-1) b.w. daily), or both to medaka for 3 weeks. We assessed reproductive success during week 3 and the sexual behavior of male medaka after the exposure period. Fertilization success was significantly decreased in groups that received TBT. The profiles of fertility developed a bimodal distribution in the TBT and TBT+PCBs groups, and the numbers of males that performed "following" and "dancing" were significantly decreased in the TBT+PCBs group. The frequency of "dancing" also decreased after treatment with TBT, whereas fish that received PCBs only showed no difference in sexual behavior. Testes that had oocytes showed normal spermatogenesis, even though two of the five males treated with TBT+PCBs had some indication of testis-ova, which did not occur in any other group. Our results indicate that TBT, but not PCBs, affects sexual behavior and reproduction in medaka.     

职业中毒场所盲目施救行为的心理因素分析与对策研究

探讨职业中毒场所因盲目施救引发伤亡事故扩大的原因及控制对策,为企业和相关部门实施有效的安全管理提供依据。采用分析归纳方法,界定盲目施救行为。依据突发事件引发的紧急情况的特点,分析得出有限作业空间发生的中毒窒息事故属于常规突发事件。盲目施救导致伤亡扩大事故发生的主要行业和作业特性显示,安全监管的疏漏是事故发生的原因。根据社会心理学理论,对中毒人员的施救属于利他行为,盲目施救是人在应激状态下失控的冲动行为,这一行为与人对不安全行为的预期后果相关,应急知识和能力的缺乏是导致盲目施救行为发生的主要原因。根据上述研究结论,提出避免常规突发事件引发盲目施救行为的对策。     

Some potential hazardous trace elements contamination and their ecological risk in sediments of western Chaohu Lake, China

The Chaohu is one of the largest five freshwater lakes in China. It provides freshwater for agriculture, life, and part of industry. The quality of water becomes worst and worst due to the toxic matter. In this study, we collected the samples from the sedimentary mud in the lake. The distribution of some potential hazardous trace elements (Cu, Ni, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in the sediments of western Chaohu Lake, has been determined and studied, and the enrichment factors, the index of geoaccumulation, and potential ecological risk were analyzed and calculated. The results show that: the levels of selected potential hazardous trace element vary from different sampling sites and significant anthropogenic impact of Pb and Cd occur in sediments. The contamination rank of Pb and Cd are moderate, and Pb has a light potential ecological risk, but Cd is heavy. The total potential ecological risk of the selected hazardous trace elements in this study in Chaohu Lake is moderate. Cluster and correlation analysis indicate that the selected potential hazardous trace element pollutant has different source and co-contamination also occur in sediments.     

Positive relationships between phenol oxidase activity and extractable phenolics in estuarine soils

Decomposition of recalcitrant materials such as phenolics is known to play a pivotal role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in estuaries. The specific goals of this study were to determine temporal and spatial variations of phenol oxidase and phenolics in estuarine soils, and to elucidate controlling factors for phenol oxidase activity. To achieve these goals, phenol oxidase activity and phenolic content were measured in soils developed along the side of an estuary in the Han River, Korea. Soil samples were collected in three locations with different vegetation: mud flats, Zizania-dominated soils, and Salix-dominated soils. Monthly measurements were also made in a Zizania-dominated site over a year period. Phenol oxidase activity varied between 0.00 and 0.28 diqc min^?1 g^?1, whilst phenolic content ranged from 0.0–10.5 μg g^?1. A correlation analysis revealed that phenol oxidase activity exhibited positive correlations with phenolic content in both seasonal and spatial data. The same relationship was found when the data were analysed separately for each site. Unlike peatlands or upland forest soils where negative correlations were often found between phenol oxidase activity and phenolics, substrate induction appears to account for the positive correlation in the present study.     

Identification of iron and sulfate release processes during riverbank filtration using chemical mass balance modeling

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Various hydrogeochemical processes can modify the quality of river water during riverbank filtration (RBF). Identifying the subsurface processes responsible...