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153.
Isabelle Amat Emmanuel Desouhant Carlos Bernstein 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(4):563-572
When foraging partially depleted patches (i.e., a fraction of hosts are already parasitized), female parasitoids must decide:
1—whether to superparasitize, and 2—whether to stay in their current patch (thus missing the opportunity of finding a better
patch elsewhere). To make these decisions, parasitoids may rely on different cues, produced both by the environment and by
conspecifics. Animals thriving in different environments may differ in cues they use. In the solitary parasitoid Venturia canescens, thelytokous (asexual) and arrhenotokous (sexual) individuals are found in two contrasting environments. Thelytokous females,
from anthropogenic conditions, are known to cope with superparasitism in an adaptive way. On the other hand, little is known
about superparasitism by arrhenotokous females. We compared the host exploitation strategies of thelytokous and arrhenotokous
females in partially depleted patches. Hosts parasitized by thelytokous females were more frequently avoided than those parasitized
by arrhenotokous females, suggesting a stronger chemical marking of the former. Only thelytokous females used information
from conspecifics for patch-leaving decisions. The conformity of the differences in the behavior of thelytokous and arrhenotokous
females with the environmental conditions they experience in their habitat is discussed. 相似文献
154.
Mohamed Batal Isabelle Boudry Cécile Cléry-Barraud Stéphane Mouret Thierry Douki 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):260-276
Sulphur mustard (SM) is known as an efficient vesicating agent as well as a carcinogenic chemical. This warfare agent remains a threat for both civilians and militaries. DNA alkylation is one of the critical molecular pathways at the origin of the symptoms associated with SM exposure. SM forms monoadducts with guanine and adenine as well as a biadduct between two guanine bases. The aim of the present work is to determine the relative yields of these three lesions in DNA samples after SM exposure without using radiolabeled SM as in earlier works. For this purpose, we have developed a high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method to simultaneously quantify the SM monoadducts and biadduct in the same DNA sample. We observed in isolated and cellular DNA that the guanine monoadduct was the predominant lesion, while the biadduct was present in twofold lower yield. The adenine monoadduct was generated in lowest amounts. The analytical approach was extended to 2?chloroethyl ethyl sulphide, a widely used SM analog. Again, the adenine adduct was much less frequent than the guanine derivative. The developed assay will allow performing studies involving large numbers of samples. 相似文献
155.
Lutts S Lefèvre I Delpérée C Kivits S Dechamps C Robledo A Correal E 《Journal of environmental quality》2004,33(4):1271-1279
To identify Cd- and Zn-accumulating plants exhibiting a high growth rate, seeds from the halophyte species Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.) were collected on a heavy-metal-contaminated site in southeastern Spain (Llano del Beal, Cartagena). Seedlings from this ecotype were exposed for 3 wk to 0.1 mM Cd or Zn in a nutrient solution in a fully controlled environment. All plants remained alive and no significant growth inhibition was recorded until the end of the experiment. Mean Cd and Zn accumulation in aerial parts was 830 and 440 mg kg(-1), respectively, and the rate of metal translocation even increased with the duration of stress exposure. Resistance to heavy metals in this species may be partly linked to precipitation of Cd in oxalate crystals in the stems. A Cd-induced decrease in glutathione concentration also suggests that phytochelatins overproduction may occur in these conditions. We conclude that Mediterranean saltbush, which is able to produce up to 5 Mg dry matter ha(-1) yr(-1), may be an effective species for phytoextraction and should be tested for this purpose in field conditions. 相似文献
156.
Landscape changes over a period of 25 years were assessed for a catchment basin in Normandy, France. Landscape attributes, i.e. land use, land cover and natural habitat, were obtained from aerial photographs (1964, 1989) and soil maps, to define a landscape typology. Data were aggregated on a 500 m×500 m grid system and treated by multivariate analysis. Results of these analysis show that this rural landscape has undergone changes in landcover (mainly grassland receding to crop) as well as changes in spatial structure (mainly increase of plot size and uniformisation). These changes were related to a typology of farms (realised by multivariate analysis of a field survey on the 38 registered farms of the site). Results suggest that (i) farms with a narrow range of production, i.e. specialised farms, are located on a narrow range of environmental conditions and are associated with stable landscapes, while (ii) farms with a broader range of production (i.e. polyculture) are distributed more widely throughout the landscape, and are mostly associated with the landscape changes. 相似文献
157.
Flash floods are characterized by their suddenness, fast and violent movement, rarity, small scale but high level of damage. They are particularly difficult to forecast accurately and there is little lead time for warning. This makes motorists especially vulnerable. Assuming that these flash flood hazard specificities may be the significant factors leading to difficulties for drivers to perceive danger, we used cognitive mapping combined with GIS data processing to assess motorists’ flash flood risk perception on their daily itineraries. The analysis of 200 mental maps collected allows planners to have maps highlighting dangerous areas where risk perception is weak and to identify reasons for this. 相似文献
158.
Cheviron Nathalie Grondin Virginie Marrauld Christelle Poiroux Françoise Bertrand Isabelle Abadie Josiane Pandard Pascal Riah-Anglet Wassila Dubois Caroline Malý Stanislav Marques Catarina R. Asenjo Inmaculada Valverde Alonso Alejandro Díaz Domingo Marquina Mougin Christian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29348-29357
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evaluation of soil quality requires the use of robust methods to assess biologically based indicators. Among them, enzyme activities are used for... 相似文献
159.
Tschoeke Isabelle Cristine Prohmann Fraga Tiago José Marques da Silva Maryne Patrícia Costa e Souza Thibério Pinho Chinelate Gerla Castello Branco 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(5):2809-2821
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this work, biogas was synthesized from malt enriched-craft beer bagasse with the objective to generate clean energy. Thus, a kinetic model based... 相似文献