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61.
Anne-Leila Meistertzheim Isabelle Calvès Valérie Roussel Alain Van Wormhoudt Jean Laroche Sylvain Huchette Christine Paillard 《Marine Biology》2014,161(8):1883-1893
Increasing temperature of seawater is often associated with increased exposure incidence of disease in field and in aquaculture populations. Numerous episodic mass mortalities of the abalone Haliotis tuberculata have been observed along the northern Brittany coast of France caused by a complex interaction between the host, pathogen and environmental factors. Here, we evaluated the potential of high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for mutation genotyping and development of genetic markers for resistance to vibriosis in the gastropod species H. tuberculata. Small amplicon assays were developed and revealed genetic polymorphism between surviving and susceptible abalone obtained after two successive infections of aquaculture families in controlled conditions. Together with specific COI haplotypes, we identified particular genotypes in nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha and ferritin genes linked to the susceptibility or resistance of abalone to vibriosis. Selection of genitors based on these genes may increase the proportion in offspring of resistant individuals of more than 76 %. Finally, HRM assays constitute a very efficient genotyping tool to validate the genetic markers on a representative number of individuals of wild populations and thus identify future resistant genitors for aquaculture or conservation purposes. 相似文献
62.
Simoneta Negrete-Yankelevich Luciana Porter-Bolland José Luis Blanco-Rosas Isabelle Barois 《Environmental management》2013,52(1):45-60
Land degradation is a serious problem in tropical mountainous areas. Market prices, technological development, and population growth are often invoked as the prime causes. Using historical agrarian documents, literature sources, and historical population data, we (1) provide quantitative and qualitative evidence that the land degradation present at Sierra de Santa Marta (Los Tuxtlas, Mexico) has involved a historical reduction in the temporal, spatial, and diversity scales, in which individual farmers make management decisions, and has resulted in decreased maize productivity; and (2) analyze how these three scalar changes can be linked to policy, population growth, and agrarian history. We conclude that the historical reduction in the scales of land use decision-making and practices constitutes a present threat to indigenous agricultural heritage. The long-term viability of agriculture requires that initiatives consider incentives for co-responsibility with an initial focus on self-sufficiency. 相似文献
63.
Benjamin J. Pitcher Heidi Ahonen Robert G. Harcourt Isabelle Charrier 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(8):901-909
In pinnipeds, maternal care strategies and colony density may influence a species’ individual recognition system. We examined
the onset of vocal recognition of mothers by Australian sea lion pups (Neophoca cinerea). At 2 months of age, pups responded significantly more to the calls of their own mothers than alien female calls demonstrating
a finely tuned recognition system. However, newborn pups did not respond differentially to the calls of their mother from
alien female calls suggesting that vocal recognition had not yet developed or is not yet expressed. These findings are in
stark contrast to other otariid species where pups learn their mother’s voice before their first separation. Variance in colony
density, pup movements, and natal site fidelity may have reduced selective pressures on call recognition in young sea lions,
or alternatively, another sensory system may be used for recognition in the early stage of life. 相似文献
64.
Iokiñe Rodríguez Bjørn Sletto Bibiana Bilbao Isabelle Sánchez-Rose Alejandra Leal 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2018,20(6):689-703
ABSTRACTThe concept of reflexive governance has to a large extent emerged from an increasing recognition of the need to consider different meanings of nature in the environmental policy-making process. Yet, so far, little attention has been paid to creating conditions for reflexive governance among different actors in intercultural settings, particularly in the context of environmental conflict and strong cultural change among indigenous peoples. This paper reviews three participatory research projects carried out in the Gran Sabana in Canaima National Park, Venezuela, which facilitated dialogue among indigenous people regarding their conflicting views of fire, in part by developing community-wide critical reflections on processes of cultural change and identity formations. These experiences suggest that once marginalized environmental knowledge is publicly acknowledged within the context of endogenous cultural processes, indigenous people feel more confident to engage in dialogue with other actors, thus allowing the emergence of reflexive environmental governance. 相似文献
65.
Isabelle Charrier Nicolas Mathevon Thierry Aubin 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(10):1679-1689
Geographic variation in animal vocalisations, ranging from micro- to macro-variations, has now been widely documented. These dialects can impair communication between separated groups or populations and thus may play a role in speciation processes. Although the existence of geographical variation has been already shown in some pinnipeds species, the extent to which individuals perceive it is poorly understood. Here, we studied this question in the bearded seal Erignatus barbatus, a species found across different arctic regions. As in other phocids, bearded seal males emit sophisticated acoustic displays while defending an aquatic territory during the breeding season. First, we used playbacks to demonstrate that the trill has a function in territorial defence. Second, we used synthetic trills from two distinct populations (Nunavut and Greenland), to show that bearded seal males perceived the geographic variation in the trills. Males from Greenland responded more strongly to trills from local males than those from a distant area (Nunavut). This study provides the first experimental evidence that phocid males can perceive geographic variation in their vocalisations. Acoustic analyses combined with playback experiments can help to identify distinct populations in bearded seals. This may then provide information on both strength and scale of breeding site fidelity in this and potentially other species. 相似文献
66.
Flash floods are characterized by their suddenness, fast and violent movement, rarity, small scale but high level of damage. They are particularly difficult to forecast accurately and there is little lead time for warning. This makes motorists especially vulnerable. Assuming that these flash flood hazard specificities may be the significant factors leading to difficulties for drivers to perceive danger, we used cognitive mapping combined with GIS data processing to assess motorists' flash flood risk perception on their daily itineraries. The analysis of 200 mental maps collected allows planners to have maps highlighting dangerous areas where risk perception is weak and to identify reasons for this. 相似文献
67.
68.
David Landy Isabelle Mallard Anne Ponchel Eric Monflier Sophie Fourmentin 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(3):225-237
Nowadays, the human activity and the modern way of life are responsible for the increase of the environmental pollution. Industrial processes generate a variety of molecules that may pollute air, water, and soils due to negative impacts for ecosystems and humans. The development of innovative remediation technologies has thus emerged as a significant environmental priority. Within this scope, supramolecular chemistry, which is a recent discipline, could provide solutions. In particular, cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides having a low-polarity cavity in which organic compounds of appropriate shape and size can form inclusion complexes. This unique property makes them suitable for application in environmental protection. Here, we review the use of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives in remediation technologies. Accordingly, the present review shows the advantages of using CDs in soil, groundwater, wastewater, and atmosphere remediation. Resulting processes are highly versatile, since the complexing ability of CD is applicable to a wide range of pollutants. They may also been referred to green processes, according to the CD innocuity. Moreover, as inclusion phenomena correspond to reversible equilibriums, a major trend in the CD environmental application field is to develop methods, which combine supramolecular chemistry and irreversible processes, as advanced oxidation or biodegradation. Such processes might lead to a complete remediation of pollutants and eventually to the CD recycling. 相似文献
69.
Oxidoreductases provide a more generic response to metallic stressors (Cu and Cd) than hydrolases in soil fungi: new ecotoxicological insights 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jérémie D. Lebrun Nathalie Demont-Caulet Nathalie Cheviron Karine Laval Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin Christian Mougin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):3036-3041
The present study investigates the effect of metals on the secretion of enzymes from12 fungal strains maintained in liquid cultures. Hydrolases (acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase) and ligninolytic oxidoreductases (laccase, Mn, and lignin peroxidases) activities, as well as biomass production, were measured in culture fluids from fungi exposed to Cu or Cd. Our results showed that all fungi secreted most of the selected hydrolases and that about 50 % of them produced a partial oxidative system in the absence of metals. Then, exposure of fungi to metals led to the decrease in biomass production. At the enzymatic level, Cu and Cd modified the secretion profiles of soil fungi. The response of hydrolases to metals was contrasted and complex and depended on metal, enzyme, and fungal strain considered. By contrast, the metals always stimulated the activity of ligninolytic oxidoreductases in fungal strains. In some of them, oxidoreductases were specifically produced following metal exposure. Fungal oxidoreductases provide a more generic response than hydrolases, constituting thus a physiological basis for their use as biomarkers of metal exposure in soils. 相似文献
70.
Simulation and evaluation of 2010 emission control scenarios in a Mediterranean area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isabelle Coll Fanny Lasry Sylvain Fayet Alexandre Armengaud Robert Vautard 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(27):4194-4204
At the onset of the 2010 statutory deadline for the respect of the European National Emission Ceiling directive, two questions arise. Will the engaged regulations for the respect of ozone air quality thresholds be fully efficient on the most polluted regions? How can we design the continuation of ozone control in those areas? This study is based on refined 3D modelling studies over a French Mediterranean region. It compares 2001 and 2003 situations with several prospective 2010 emission scenarios with, for the first time, the evaluation of local action plans. The degree of compliance with air quality regulation is investigated and the impact of emission control on the local potential for ozone formation is discussed. The results show that current efforts on emissions, although substantial and efficient, are not sufficient yet to abrogate all the ozone threshold exceedances. They also highlight the gap between regulatory and effective emission control, as well as the need for regional regulations to complete national efforts. Finally, the simulations indicate that large-scale emission control significantly helps reducing rural ozone (?20 ppbv) but affects much fewer (?2 to ?10 ppbv) the highest peaks. The continuation and the strengthening of ozone policies under their current form in such regions are considered. 相似文献