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991.
Plaisance H Sagnier I Saison JY Galloo JC Guillermo R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,79(3):301-315
The performances and applicability of a diffusion tubesampler for the simultaneous measurements of NO2 andSO2 in ambient air were evaluated. SO2 andNO2are collected by the passive sampler using triethanolamine astrapping agent and are determined as sulphate and nitrite withion chromatography. The detection limit (2.3 g m-3 ofNO2 and 4.2 g m-3 of SO2 for two weekssampling) is adequate for the determination of concentrationsin urban and industrial areas. Precision of the method as RSDis in mean 5% for NO2 and 12% for SO2 at theconcentration levels in urban areas. Calibration of the methodwas performed in the field conditions by comparison between theresponses of sampler and the concentrations measured by thecontinuous monitors. High degree of linearity (correlationcoefficients > 0.8) is found between the passive sampler tubeand the continuous monitor data for both NO2 and SO2.To reduce the wind velocity influence on passive sampling ofdiffusion tubes, a protective shelter was tested in this study.The overall uncertainty of one measure for the optimised methodis estimated at 5 g m-3 for NO2 and 6g m-3 for SO2. Suitability of this passivesampling method for air pollution monitoring in urban areas wasdemonstrated by the results shown in this paper on a campaigncarried out in the French agglomeration. 相似文献
992.
Sandanger TM Brustad M Lund E Burkow IC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(1):160-165
The traditional northern Norwegian fish dish "m?lje", consisting of boiled cod, cod liver, cod liver oil and hard roe, is still consumed frequently during the winter months January to March. The liver of the cod is rich in lipids and the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are relatively high. To better understand the short-term consequences of this traditional meal on the plasma levels of PCBs and p,p'-DDE, individual intake of liver and cod liver oil during one meal was measured. Blood samples were collected from 33 participants before the meal, and then 4 h, 12 h and 5 days after it. Lipid-weight and wet-weight levels of 10 PCB congeners and p,p'-DDE were determined in the plasma samples and the food. The plasma levels of p,p'-DDE was found to increase significantly from 0 to 4 h, both when expressed as wet-weight (35% change) and lipid-weight (20% change). The corresponding changes (0-4 h) in wet-weight levels of the most prevalent PCB congeners were non significant. By contrast, PCB congeners with low levels in the food showed a significant drop in lipid-weight levels during the first 4 h. The observed changes were independent of amount consumed. Significant differences in fasting and non-fasting samples were found for most PCBs and p,p'-DDE. For the lipid weight levels of sum PCBs there was a significant decrease of 16% from non-fasting to fasting samples. To obtain reliable data on human levels of POPs it is, on the basis of these findings, recommended that blood samples should be collected from fasting individuals and both wet-weight and lipid-weight levels should be reported. 相似文献
993.
Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-levelradioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of SanIldefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists areconcerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of AreaG radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) andRocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption ofdeer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected fromdeer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzedfor 3H, 90Sr, total U, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu,241Am, and 137Cs. These data were used to estimatehuman doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y-1. Humandoses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer andelk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates tohumans from tissue consumption were 2.9 × 10-3 mSv y-1and 1.6 × 10-3 mSv y-1 from deer and elk, respectively,and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 × 10-4 mGyd-1 and 4.7 × 10-4 mGy d-1, respectively. Allestimated doses were significantly less than established exposurelimits or guidelines. 相似文献
994.
Hong S Boutron CF Barbante C Do Hur S Lee K Gabrielli P Capodaglio G Ferrari CP Turetta C Petit JR Lipenkov VY 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(12):1326-1331
Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have been measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in various sections of the 3623 m deep ice core drilled at Vostok, in central East Antarctica. The sections were dated from 240 to 410 kyear BP (Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 7.5 to 11.3), which corresponds to the 3rd and 4th glacial-interglacial cycles before present. Concentrations are found to have varied greatly during this 170 kyear time period, with high concentration values during the coldest climatic stages such as MIS 8.4 and 10.2 and much lower concentration values during warmer periods, such as the interglacials MIS 7.5, 9.3 and 11.3. Rock and soil dust were the dominant sources for Pb, whatever the period, and for Zn and Cu and possibly Cd during cold climatic stages. The contribution from volcanic emissions was important for Cd during all periods and might have been significant for Cu and Zn during warm periods. 相似文献
995.
Sutton MA Asman WA Ellermann T Van Jaarsveld JA Acker K Aneja V Duyzer J Horvath L Paramonov S Mitosinkova M Tang YS Achermann B Gauger T Bartniki J Neftel A Erisman JW 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,82(2):149-185
In the context of international efforts to reduce the impactsof atmospheric NH3 and NH4
+ (collectively, NHx), it is important to establish the link between NH3emissions and monitoring of NHx concentrations and deposition. This is equally relevant to situations where NH3emissions changes are certain (e.g. due to changed source sectoractivity), as to cases where NH3 abatement technologies havebeen implemented. Correct interpretation of adequate atmosphericmeasurements is essential, since monitoring data provide the onlymeans to evaluate trends in regional NH3 emissions.These issues have been reviewed using available measurements and modelling from nine countries. In addition to historic datasets,the analysis here considers countries where NH3 source sector activity changed (both increases and decreases) and countries where NH3 abatement policies have been implemented.In The Netherlands an `ammonia gap' was identified between the expected reduction and results of monitoring, and was attributedinitially to ineffectiveness of the abatement measures. The analysis here for a range of countries shows that atmospheric interactions complicate the expected changes, particularly sinceSO2 emissions have decreased at the same time, while at manysites the few years of available data show substantial inter-annual variation. It is concluded that networks need to beestablished that speciate between NH3 and aerosol NH4
+, in addition to providing wet deposition, and sample at sufficient sites for robust regional estimates to be established. Such measurements will be essential to monitor compliance of the international agreements on NH3 emission abatement. 相似文献
996.
F. A. Y. Gailey G. H. Smith L. J. Rintoul O. Ll. Lloyd 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1985,5(3):291-309
Lichen transplants of Hypogymnia physodes were used in a high-density network of sites for collecting airborne metals from the atmosphere in Armadale, a small industrial town in central Scotland. The mapping of the concentrations of various metals revealed a gradient of metal values which decreased outwards from the town's steel foundry. The findings were discussed in the context of a previous epidemiological investigation of lung disease in the town. 相似文献
997.
The content of lead and cadmium in surface dust within a 4 km radius of a sewage sludge incinerator has been investigated. Particular attention was given to Pb and Cd in different size fractions of dust, an aspect not explored in previous studies, and the differences between expressions of contamination as concentration or loading were examined. Despite suggestions from reports that sludge incinerators may have difficulty in complying with emission standards, the present investigation found little evidence for a major contribution to local pollution by the incinerator. Certainly, the highest Cd level was found some 2.2 km downwind of the prevailing wind direction from the incinerator, suggesting some resultant contamination, although the levels do not appear to be excessive. Similar observations apply to Pb contamination of the area. While data of the type produced in this study contribute to an understanding of environmental quality, both loadings and levels need to be considered, as the implications of only consideration one of these may be limited and even misleading. 相似文献
998.
Han JS Moon KJ Kong BJ Lee SJ Kim JE Kim YJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,107(1-3):221-237
PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected at Gosan in Jeju Island during six intensive measurement periods between November 2001 and
August 2003. In order to investigate the chemical composition of fine particles, major ion components, trace elements, and
elemental and organic carbon were analyzed. Quite different seasonal characteristic in the chemical composition of fine particles
was observed. The concentration of most secondary aerosol components showed a summer minimum and a winter maximum with higher
correlation between them at Gosan. This fact clearly reveals the possibility of long-range transport of such pollutants in
winter. On the other hand, OC and EC had the highest concentration and good correlation with ion components, such as K+, Ca2+ in fall. It means that biomass burning could significantly influence the ambient fine carbonaceous particulate in fall, which
was primarily long-range transported. 相似文献
999.
1000.