HJS—Ⅱ型噪声级记录处理仪

本文在国家环保局颁布了新的城市区域环境噪声测量标准后为适应新标准的需要，介绍了一种实用、新颖智能噪声监测仪－－ＨＪＳ－Ⅱ型噪声级记录处理仪。该仪器的最大特点是能利用过去广泛应用在环境监测领域中的面临淘汰的瞬时声级计作为一次仪表，用单板机技术组成二次仪表，实现监测仪器的更新换代。     

适温织物的研究

不同的纤维织物经过含有适当交联剂和混合酸催化剂的聚乙二醇溶液浸轧,在一定的焙烘条件下,处理后的织物可获得较高的热焓值15—35J/g,具有适温性能。即在一定温度范围内,升温时吸热凉爽和降温时放热保温。相变物质聚乙二醇(PEG)在热力学转变时,由于热容量较大,所以使织物具有显著适温性能。本实验研究不同条件与织物类型对适温性能的影响。     

Effects of clearfelling on stream and soil water aluminium chemistry in three UK forests

Data are presented demonstrating how clearfelling has changed soil and stream water aluminium chemistry. For soil waters, a strong empirical relationship was observed between inorganic aluminium (Al(inorg)) and total inorganic anion (TIA) concentrations. Before felling, chloride and sulphate accounted for the largest proportion of the TIA concentration. After felling, in soils where nitrification was active, nitrate became increasingly important. Where this led to an increase in TIA, Al(inorg) concentrations increased. Over five years, nitrate concentrations have fallen, along with TIA, resulting in a sympathetic decline in Al(inorg). Streams draining clearfelled areas initially became more acid, although chloride and sulphate concentrations decreased. Stream water nitrate concentrations increased soon after felling and remained higher than controls for up to four years. While nitrate concentrations were high, Al(inorg) remained unchanged. Subsequently, as nitrate and TIA decreased, Al(inorg) also declined to concentrations below those in the control stream. Clearfelling upland forests will not necessarily result in immediate improvements in water quality, although long-term benefits may be seen before canopy-closure of the next crop.     

A pilot project to detect and forecast harmful algal blooms in the northern Gulf of Mexico

More timely access to data and information on the initiation, evolution and effects of harmful algal blooms can reduce adverse impacts on valued natural resources and human health. To achieve this in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a pilot project was initiated to develop a user-driven, end-to-end (measurements to applications) observing system. A key strategy of the project is to coordinate existing state, federal and academic programs at an unprecedented level of collaboration and partnership. Resource managers charged with protection of public health and aquatic resources require immediate notice of algal events and a forecast of when, where and what adverse effects will likely occur. Further, managers require integrated analyses and interpretations, rather than raw data, to make effective decisions. Consequently, a functional observing system must collect and transform diverse measurements into usable forecasts. Data needed to support development of forecasts will include such properties as sea surface temperature, winds, currents and waves; precipitation and freshwater flows with related discharges of sediment and nutrients; salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll concentrations (in vivo fluorescence); and remotely-sensed spatial images of sea surface chlorophyll concentrations. These data will be provided via a mixture of discrete and autonomous in situ sensing with near real-time data telemetry, and remote sensing from space (SeaWiFS), aircraft (hyperspectral imagery) or land (high-frequency radar). With calibration across these platforms, the project will ultimately provide a 4-dimensional visualization of harmful algae events in a time frame suitable to resource managers.     

A Watershed-based Cumulative Risk Impact Analysis: Environmental Vulnerability and Impact Criteria

Swine Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) have received much attention in recent years. As a result, a watershed-based screening tool, the Cumulative Risk Index Analysis (CRIA), was developed to assess the cumulative impacts of multiple CAFO facilities in a watershedsubunit. The CRIA formula calculates an index number based on: 1) the area of one or more facilities compared to the area of the watershed subunit, 2) the average of the environmental vulnerability criteria, and 3) the average of the industry-specific impact criteria. Each vulnerability or impact criterion is ranked on a 1 to 5 scale, with a low rank indicating low environmental vulnerability or impact and a high rank indicating high environmental vulnerability or impact. The individual criterion ranks, as well as the total CRIA score, can be used to focus the environmental analysis and facilitate discussions with industry, public, and other stakeholders in the Agency decision-making process.     

应用SPSS软件实现环境统计中的判别分析

目的 应用SPSS软件实现环境统计中的判别分析．方法利用SPSS11中的Discriminant过程，结合判别分析的基本概念，介绍SPSS实现整个判别分析的详细过程．结果用一个环境统计实例，描述SPSSll详细操作过程，并对输出结果作详细解读．结论介绍在变量分类方法中，判别分析的优点和注意事项，利用SPSSll进行环境统计中的判别分析能达到简便、快捷和准确的统计效果．     

三峡库区移民城市绿化问题的初步探讨

库区移民城市绿化一定程度上对三峡工程有重要影响。应根据生态效益原则、经济效益原则、净化、境原则、城市美化原则和地理气候原则，对街道绿化、工业区绿化和生活、文化、娱乐场所绿化进行不同树种和选样与配置，使库区移民城市的绿化为三峡库区的持续发展发挥积极的作用。     

化学需氧量测定方法综述及问题改进

综述了环境水样中化学需氧量测定的标准法及其改进方法、光度法,电化学法、流动注射分析法.并详细叙述了快速测定COD的方法中存在的问题和解决办法.     

京津风沙源区防风固沙功能的时空变化及其区域差异

防风固沙功能是京津风沙源治理成效的关键监测指标。以往研究注重局地防风固沙功能的评估,对全区防风固沙功能的时空变化与内部差异揭示不足。基于京津风沙源区多期遥感数据,采用修正风蚀方程与GIS空间统计技术,评估分析了2000-2015年防风固沙功能的整体变化及其区域差异。结果表明:(1)京津风沙源区年均防风固沙量为28.98亿t,防风固沙能力为68.24 t/hm~2,且均随年份变化波动增加,年均增速分别为1.10%和0.71%;(2)京津风沙源区防风固沙能力呈西北高、东南低趋势,有49.06%的区域防风固沙能力高于70 t/hm~2,评估期内有54%的区域防风固沙能力明显提高;(3)浑善达克沙地亚区、典型草原亚区和荒漠草原亚区的防风固沙量累计为全区防风固沙总量的88%,燕山丘陵山地水源保护亚区和晋北山地丘陵亚区的防风固沙能力提升最显著;(4)锡林郭勒盟、赤峰市和乌兰察布市的防风固沙量合计占全区防风固沙量的77%,朔州市与包头市防风固沙能力较高,北京市与天津市防风固沙能力增速较高。因此,未来应重视分区施策治理与西部和北部防风固沙功能提升。     

焦化厂工业废水制备水煤浆的研究

研究了用焦化厂三种工业废水制备水煤浆并与自业水制备的水煤浆的性能进行了比较，结果表明，用三种工业废水可以制备出性能较好的水煤浆，而且，某些废水制出的水煤浆在性能上，特别是稳定性上好于用自来水制出的水煤浆。