天津纪庄子再生水厂改扩建工程总体设计

天津纪庄子再生水厂改扩建工程在不新增占地的情况下,在大量工程性试验的基础上,通过采取将砂滤池改造为浸没式微滤膜滤池等措施,成功地将全厂处理工艺统一为混凝沉淀、微滤、臭氧氧化和部分反渗透工艺,处理规模从5.0万m3/d增加到7.0万m3d,同时大幅度提高了出水水质。该工程是国家水专项示范工程,采用的先进技术和工程措施可供现有再生水厂、自来水厂的升级改造和扩建工程参考。     

贵州丹寨金汞矿区尾渣和水土中汞砷分布特征及潜在风险

贵州丹寨金汞矿在开采期间,将大量的废渣露天堆放在环境中,这些尾渣不仅含有金,还含有有毒有害重金属汞和砷。本文研究丹寨尾渣中汞和砷的淋出特征以及矿区周边土壤、农作物和地表水汞砷分布特征,并通过尾渣中金含量来评估利用植物提取技术来回收金的可能性。研究结果表明,利用0.1mol·L-1Na H2PO4和0.1 mol·L-1Na2HPO4(3:2 V/V)的混合溶液淋洗尾渣,淋滤出的砷含量达到9 929.8μg·L-1;利用0.1 mol·L-1CH3COONH4溶液淋洗尾渣,淋滤液汞含量达到12.12μg·L-1。矿区周边土壤总汞含量和总砷含量分别为11.5~79.7 mg·kg-1和23.7~356.5 mg·kg-1,利用污染程度法和尼梅罗综合污染指数发对其Hg和As污染程度进行了评价,结果显示土壤汞污染严重,污染因子高达10.5~78.7;尼梅罗综合污染指数为62.97;同时该土壤还受到严重的As污染,除了其中一个样点的As污染程度小于0属于未超标,其它样点As污染程度均大于0;尼梅罗综合污染指数为13.41。农作物中总汞含量和总砷含量均超过国家食品卫生限量标准,分别是《食品安全国家标准》(GB2762-2012)中所允许最大总汞和最大总砷的10~1 150倍和1.6~7.4倍。位于尾渣堆放点上游的地表水中总汞和总砷浓度分别为102.4 ng·L-1和2 262.1 ng·L-1,流经尾渣堆后,浓度大幅度增加,分别为160.3 ng·L-1和11 571.8 ng·L-1,说明丹寨尾渣可能是潜在的汞和砷污染源。尾渣中金含量为0.54 g·t-1,可以探索利用植物提取技术来回收尾渣中的金。     

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价框架体系研究

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价研究是将后评价理论与地震灾后恢复重建相结合的研究。在各国灾后重建经验基础上,提出灾后重建后评价的框架体系。该框架包括工程项目后评价、经济效益后评价、社会效果后评价、生态环境可持续性后评价、人文建设后评价和应急能力后评价等6个方面,这6个方面相互关联且涉及的评价内容错综复杂,因此利用解释结构模型对其进行定量结构分析,并加以定性的描述。研究结果表明,震灾重建要以人为本,以生态环境可持续发展为长远目标,通过对工程项目投资拉动灾区经济的增长,重建效果直接表现为社会和谐和应急能力加强。     

典型道路路边空气颗粒物中碳组分的组成特征

在天津市内选取了4条不同等级的道路（次干道,主干道,快速路,外环线）,于2015年4～5月分别在4条道路的路边进行了PM_2.5和PM₁₀样品和车流量信息的采集,并对其中的碳组分进行了分析.结果显示,天津路边PM_2.5和PM₁₀中OC、EC的浓度与国内已研究的其它城市相比处于中等水平,与国外城市相比,国内这些城市的OC、EC的浓度水平则较高.char-EC、soot-EC、OC、EC在PM_2.5中的百分含量在4条道路之间存在显著性差异,在4条路上百分含量为主干道 > 快速路 > 外环线 > 次干道,而PM₁₀不存在.PM_2.5中OC/EC和char-EC/soot-EC的平均比值分别是2.95和2.3,PM₁₀中分别为3.1和2.2.相关性分析的结果表明PM_2.5和PM₁₀中OC和EC有相同的来源,且EC与char-EC存在线性关系.     

可控飞行撞地风险因素分析及系统结构研究

我国运输航空的伊春"8·24"空难是一起典型的可控飞行撞地(CFIT),该类事故严重影响飞行安全,因此研究CFIT风险因素结构模型对该类飞行事故的分析和预防有非常重要的意义。通过分析大量CFIT事故及事故征候,使用SHEL模型识别出18项风险因素,使用德尔菲法确定各因素之间的直接影响关系,通过决策试验和评价试验法分析出机组技术、机组应急能力、机组经验、疲劳状况、驾驶舱资源管理、民航法规及安全管理是最重要的致因因素,并确定了各类风险因素所属类别;采用解释结构模型法构建了风险因素的多级递阶结构模型,从整体上获得了各风险因素的层次结构及关系。     

承压类特种设备焊接作业人员项目的合理选择

本文根据TSG Z6002—2010《特种设备焊接操作人员考核细则》,以及施工单位焊接作业人员持有项目情况,对报考和现场选择承压类特种设备焊接作业人员项目进行合理性分析,为施工单位正确选择焊接作业人员和焊接作业人员合理申报资格证提供参考,以降低焊接作业人员考核和项目管理成本。     

基于混合效应模型的京津冀地区PM2.5数值模拟

采用2017年京津冀地区中分辨率成像光谱仪提供的3km气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和气象数据,分别在有无气象因子作为自变量的情况下对PM_(2.5)与AOD的关系进行解释。比较基于空间、时间及时空的78种混合效应模型的模拟效果,并利用十折交叉模型进行验证。经相关系数、拟合程度和模型误差对比,最终确定将气温、相对湿度、风速和气压4种气象因子作为影响因子的基于时空的混合效应模型效果最佳。利用该模型估算2017年京津冀地区的PM_(2.5)监测值,结果表明,PM_(2.5)监测值与模拟值的R~2为0.90(经十折交叉模型校正后为0.81),均方根误差、平均绝对误差分别为13.44、10.12μg/m~3,模型的拟合精度较高。同时研究表明,整体来说,京津冀地区呈现南高北低、平原地区东南高西北低、非平原地区高纬度区域相对低的空间格局。     

高海拔矿井风机气动噪声数值模拟及实验研究

为研究高海拔矿井风机气动噪声规律,建立小型轴流风机三维物理模型,利用CFD软件对环境气压分别为1,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6及0.5 atm时的风机模型进行定常模拟、非定常模拟及噪声计算,并通过自主设计的压变实验装置对上述不同环境气压条件下风机转数分别为500,1 000,1 500和2 000 rpm时的风机噪声进行测试,分析风机叶片附近监测点噪声频谱曲线及压变环境风机噪声实验数据,结果表明:风机转数和环境气压是影响风机气动噪声的2个重要因素;环境气压P一定时,风机转数n越大,各频率下的风机气动噪声声压级SPL越大,且风机噪声总声压级Lp和平均声压级Lavg均随风机转数n的增大呈对数函数增加;风机转数n不变时,随着海拔高度的升高,环境气压P降低,各频段下风机气动噪声声压级SPL均将减小,且风机噪声总声压级Lp和平均声压级Lavg随环境气压值P的降低呈线性函数减小,环境气压每降低0.1 atm,二者分别降低1.47和1.29 dB。     

An investigation into the origins of a series of PM10 anomalies at a remote location in NW England

Throughout 2004, PM(10) concentrations were measured at 10 min intervals at Hazelrigg, a remote location in NW England. The annual mean concentration was 6.1 microg m(-3) and likely origins were determined using directional and particle size characteristics. The fine temporal resolution of the monitoring also allowed several short periods (< 20 h) of persistently high PM(10) concentration to be identified and then 'typed' by event start time, duration, wind direction and particle size characteristics. A series of night time PM(10) anomalies (concentration < 465 microg m(-3)) of no obvious source were identified, and by elimination assumed to have originated from a ground-based fire of particle-rich fodder. A novel methodology combining Stokes' Law with systematic and rigorous modelling of source strength (using ADMS3.2) was developed to locate a possible burn site. The process was limited by the lack of previous modelling studies related to ground-based fires, and also by the capacity of ADMS3.2 to model sub-hourly time-varying emissions and fluctuations in wind speed and direction in the near field. However, modelling did suggest the source was located <400 m SSE of Hazelrigg, and investigation of this area revealed a burn site where tyres and plastic bags were piled nearby. Few studies have combined directional analysis and modelling to locate a source based on sampled data. This innovative methodology could be used by regulatory bodies to investigate the origins of unidentified PM(10) observed within the particle record.     

Wetland soil and vegetation bismuth content following experimental deposition of bismuth pellets

Bismuth pellets have been approved as a non-toxic alternative to lead pellets in Canada since 1997 but, to our knowledge, there is little literature for soil and vegetation bismuth content in areas of bismuth pellet deposition. The present study addresses this shortcoming by measuring wetland soil and vegetation bismuth content following experimental deposition of bismuth pellets under ambient and experimentally increased acidic deposition conditions. We manipulated 24 plots in a fully factorial design (bismuth shot x soil acidification) in a south-eastern Ontario freshwater wetland during 1999-2003. Soil pH (range 6.5-7.3) increased significantly (p = 0.001) during the experimental period but there were no significant differences amongst treatments (p = 0.79). Significantly (p < 0.05) greater bismuth concentrations were measured in soil receiving bismuth pellets (mean +/- SE, n = 6; with acidification = 2.55 +/- 1.02 microg Bi g(-1) dry mass [DM]; without acidification = 6.40 +/- 2.23 microg Bi g(-1) DM) compared to plots that were not seeded with bismuth pellets (without acidification = 0.42 +/- 0.09 microg Bi g(-1) DM; with acidification = 0.39 +/- 0.10 microg Bi g(-1) DM). Nevertheless, bismuth levels in 20 of 24 aboveground tissue samples from the Carex lacustris-Agrostis scabra community were below detection levels (0.057 microg Bi g(-1) DM); the other samples ranged from 0.065 to 0.095 microg Bi g(-1) DM, similar to global background levels. Primary productivity in plots receiving bismuth pellets and soil acidification was not significantly (p = 0.15) different to vegetation in plots that were not manipulated. The results suggest bismuth mobilization from bismuth pellets into soil but not to aboveground vegetation.