国内外生态城市建设中公众参与比较研究

选取几个国内外典型的生态城市建设中的公众参与实例,介绍其实施公众参与的具体做法和相应成果,并进行横向对比。     

生态植物对水质净化示范应用研究

在长三角地区,利用紫根水葫芦对水体进行净化工程示范研究。研究实验结果显示,紫根水葫芦对溶解氧最高改善率达到了51.5%,对总氮、总磷、CODMn、蓝藻的去除率最高分别达到了71.5%、63.2%、60.4%、97.6%。结果表明,紫根水葫芦在南方地区,工程应用情况下,水质净化效果明显,对水环境生态系统起到良好的恢复作用。     

渤海海域超大型船舶安全航速限定标准研究

为确保超大型船舶在渤海海域的航行安全,避免偏航和搁浅事故的发生,鉴于船舶安全航速限定标准的重要性,提出基于交通流要求(纵向)、航道尺度要求(横向)和富裕水深(UKC)要求(垂向)的船舶安全航速三维限定数学模型。研究在渤海海域通航条件下,以超大型油轮(VLCC)和散装船为代表船型的船舶在不同风流条件下的安全航速限定标准。结果表明,不同船舶的安全航速限定标准不同,该标准应考虑风流、航宽、水深等条件,并与船舶方形系数有直接关系。     

污水处理厂挥发性硫化物释放特征与风险评价

对城市污水处理厂各处理单元释放的挥发性硫化物（VSCs）进行长期监测,评估VSCs带来的感官效应和健康风险.结果表明,从浓度上看,VSCs以H₂S为主（监测期间的H₂S浓度为N.D.~580μg/m³）,而甲硫醇（MT）的浓度占比最少（监测期间MT的浓度为N.D.~4.7μg/m³）,同时VSCs的浓度分布具有明显的季节性,即夏季>秋季>冬季.在感官方面,H₂S是所有VSCs中气味贡献最大的气体（贡献率为79%~93%）,除二沉池外,其在其他处理单元中均为关键性恶臭气体;虽然MT浓度水平低,但是其对气味的贡献不能被忽略;格栅、沉砂池混合气体气味活性值（SOAV）分别为2591.9、5494.8,预处理单元对该厂的气味贡献最大.在健康风险方面,春季和夏季时,格栅和沉砂池中的H₂S存在非致癌风险.     

基于理想场地模型的不同位置软夹层对场地地震反应的影响研究

为了研究不同位置软夹层对场地地震反应的具体影响,找到土层反应变化的分界点.采用理想场地作为基础研究模型,改变软土层所在位置得到相关计算模型,通过土层反应分析探究不同位置软夹层对场地地表加速度峰值、放大系数、等效剪切波速计算值的影响.研究结果表明:软弱夹层对场地表现为先放大后缩小的效应;四类场地的传播能力有一定范围;等效...     

A statistical study of the quality of surface water intended for human consumption near Valencia (Spain)

Water quality in the European Union is subject to legislation through directives that are applicable in all Member States. The directives specify a set of physical and chemical parameters that should be regularly controlled using a network of sampling points, with sampling based on the intended use of the water. This paper presents the results of a statistical comparison of the quality of water intended for human consumption at two different locations (the Canal de Benagéber and the Canal Júcar-Turia) near the town of Valencia (Spain). These are currently the only canals that could supply Valencia and other nearby towns with drinking water. The parameters considered in this paper are the ones specified in the European directives for determining the quality of water intended for human consumption. These directives specify that the 95th percentile of the distribution of each parameter should be used to assess water quality, so accurate estimation of these percentiles was essential in this paper. We found statistically significant differences among locations in chlorides, sulfates, temperature, coloration, and manganese, but the results varied depending on the statistical tests that we used; parametric methods gave better results than nonparametric methods.     

Financing electronic waste recycling Californian households' willingness to pay advanced recycling fees

The growth of electronic waste (e-waste) is of increasing concern because of its toxic content and low recycling rates. The e-waste recycling infrastructure needs to be developed, yet little is known about people's willingness to fund its expansion. This paper examines this issue based on a 2004 mail survey of California households. Using an ordered logit model, we find that age, income, beliefs about government and business roles, proximity to existing recycling facilities, community density, education, and environmental attitudes are significant factors for explaining people's willingness to pay an advanced recycling fee (ARF) for electronics. Most respondents are willing to support a 1% ARF. Our results suggest that policymakers should target middle-aged and older adults, improve programs in communities with existing recycling centers or in rural communities, and consider public-private partnerships for e-waste recycling programs.     

Simultaneous decontamination of hexavalent chromium and methyl tert-butyl ether by UV/TiO2 process

Hexavalent chromium and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) are two important environmental pollutants. Simultaneous decontamination of Cr(VI) and MTBE was studied by UV/TiO2 process. The influences of pH and the concentrations of pollutants on the kinetics of the photocatalytic reactions were evaluated. Dark adsorption tests showed that the acidic pH favored the adsorption of Cr(VI) while neutral pH favored the adsorption of MTBE. Under UV irradiation, Cr(VI) reduction was observed in Cr(VI)/TiO2 system, and MTBE oxidation was observed in MTBE/TiO2 system. The system containing Cr(VI) and MTBE by UV/TiO2 process demonstrated the synergistic effect between oxidation of MTBE and reduction of Cr(VI). The results demonstrated that two pollutants Cr(VI) and MTBE could be eliminated simultaneously by UV/TiO2 process. tert-Butyl formate, tert-butyl alcohol and acetone were identified as primary degradation products of MTBE by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the degradation of MTBE by UV/TiO2 process.     

General effects of climate change on Arctic fishes and fish populations

Projected shifts in climate forcing variables such as temperature and precipitation are of great relevance to arctic freshwater ecosystems and biota. These will result in many direct and indirect effects upon the ecosystems and fish present therein. Shifts projected for fish populations will range from positive to negative in overall effect, differ among species and also among populations within species depending upon their biology and tolerances, and will be integrated by the fish within their local aquascapes. This results in a wide range of future possibilities for arctic freshwater and diadromous fishes. Owing to a dearth of basic knowledge regarding fish biology and habitat interactions in the north, complicated by scaling issues and uncertainty in future climate projections, only qualitative scenarios can be developed in most cases. This limits preparedness to meet challenges of climate change in the Arctic with respect to fish and fisheries.