硫酸铝废渣和石灰外掺低标号水泥水化、硬化性能研究

采用扫描电镜、X射-线物相分析,对改性砂浆样水化机理进行了分析,在此基础上,对外掺硫酸铝废渣水泥胶砂进行了多项物理性能测试.实验结果表明:硫酸铝废渣在低标号水泥中掺量大于14%出现急凝.最佳掺量为6%—10%时,硫酸铝渣水泥胶砂龄期强度均增加,早期强度增大最为明显.铝渣水泥胶砂龄期水化状况良好,水化产物(AFt,AFm,CH)较基准胶砂数量多且发育良好.铝渣低标号水泥胶砂综合实验表明,其耐久、耐候性能优良.     

Air distribution in the Borden aquifer during in situ air sparging

A field experiment was conducted at Canadian Forces Base Borden (CFB Borden) to assess the air distribution from a single in situ air sparging injection point. This aquifer consists of fine to medium sand deposited in horizontal layers. The permeability at the study location varied from 10(-10) to 10(-14) m2 and distinct low permeability horizons were present at approximately 1.2, 2.0, and 2.9 m below the water table. Prior to air injection, a 15x15-m portion of the vadose zone was excavated to the water table (approximately 1 m below ground surface) in order to visually observe air release distribution at the water table. The water table was actively maintained 5 cm above the excavated surface. The sparging system operated for a period of 7 days with an injection flow rate of 200 m3/days (5 scfm). The resulting subsurface air distribution was assessed using a variety of techniques including neutron logging, borehole and surface ground penetrating radar, piezometric head measurements, surface visualization, and hydraulic testing. Through this combination of tests, it was demonstrated that variations in permeability and, hence, capillary pressure at the site were sufficient to cause the injected air to spread laterally, forming stratigraphically trapped air pockets beneath the low permeability horizons. The formation of these air pockets eventually resulted in a buildup of capillary pressure that exceeded the air entry pressure and allowed some air to migrate up through the lower permeability layers. Each of the assessment techniques employed generated information at different spatial scales that prevented a direct comparison of the results from the various techniques; however, the results from all techniques proved to be critical in the interpretation of the experimental data. As a consequence, the different assessment techniques should not be viewed as alternatives, but rather as complimentary techniques.     

亲水性塑料弹性填料生物膜法处理模拟废水的研究

通过比较普通塑料弹性填料与亲水性改进后的塑料弹性填料在污水生化处理中的应用效果发现：亲水性改进的塑料弹性填料在污水的厌氧生化处理中可提高污水处理效率15％-30％，在好氧生化处理中可提高污水处理效率5％-10％，且亲水性改进大大提高了塑料弹性填料的挂膜速度。     

沉积物监测技术规范与评价初步探讨

介绍沉积物监测和评价研究进展,指出我国在此方面差距.利用加拿大沉积物质量标准对近几年上海市河流沉积物监测数据进行了初步评价,并对我国今后的沉积物监测与评价提出几点建议.     

浑善达克沙地南缘黄柳林地不同水体氢氧同位素特征

本文选取浑善达克沙地南缘正蓝旗的黄柳林地为研究对象,通过2020年5月至10月野外采集降水、土壤、地下水、植物茎干分析各水体的稳定氢氧同位素特征,比较各水体之间同位素关系。研究发现：(1)土壤水线和植物茎干水线的斜率均小于当地大气降水线,各水体同位素富集程度为地下水<降水<土壤水<植物茎干水,降水的稳定性最差,变异性较大;(2)由于蒸发和降水入渗,浅层土壤δ¹⁸O值和土壤含水量变化显著,而中深层水分受影响较小。降水中的δ¹⁸O值相对于浅层土壤水偏正,并且土壤水的δ¹⁸O值从浅层到深层逐渐呈偏负趋势,雨后各层土壤水波动的峰值出现有一定的时间推迟。(3)黄柳在生长季节主要利用浅层土壤水,各月对其利用率分别为96.20%、90.60%、84.90%、95.50%、86.70%和86.50%,随降水的减少也利用了中深层水;论文通过对黄柳林地内各水体的同位素变化特征的研究,摸清了土壤-植物-大气连续体中不同水体的同位素组成及其相互关系,对于揭示区域水循环的过程和机制至关重要,为浑善达克沙地防护林生态系统的生态水文...     

地铁深基坑变形规律参数化方法探讨

在对基坑隆起、基坑围护桩体水平变形以及基坑周边地表沉降产生机理、变形规律和影响因素分析的基础上,提出各测项的变形模式：基坑隆起为抛物线模式,围护桩体水平变形和基坑周边地表沉降为双直线模式.变形模式中的参数取值与基坑条件（包括工程、水文地质条件、岩土体物理力学性质、支护结构形式等）存在对应关系.给出了以监测数据为基础的各变形模式参数的线性回归方法,为建立以回归参数控制的预测分析库奠定基础.     

苏州河充氧船运行方案研究

上海市在苏州河环境综合整治一期工程中建造了一艘充氧能力为150Nm3/h的充氧船,作为工程性试验和辅助消除黑臭的手段。本研究在分析苏州河水体DO变化规律的基础上,首次在国内提出大型充氧船运行方案,旨在通过科学、合理的运行调度,最大限度地发挥充氧船的充氧效能。该方案对国内其它河流污染治理中充氧船的应用与运行具有重要的参考价值。     

Carbon dioxide flux as affected by tillage and irrigation in soil converted from perennial forages to annual crops

Among greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is one of the most significant contributors to regional and global warming as well as climatic change. A field study was conducted to (i) determine the effect of soil characteristics resulting from changes in soil management practices on CO(2) flux from the soil surface to the atmosphere in transitional land from perennial forages to annual crops, and (ii) develop empirical relationships that predict CO(2) flux from soil temperature and soil water content. The CO(2) flux, soil temperature (T(s)), volumetric soil water content (theta(v)) were measured every 1-2 weeks in no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) malt barley and undisturbed soil grass-alfalfa (UGA) systems in a Lihen sandy loam soil (sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplustoll) under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in western North Dakota. Soil air-filled porosity (epsilon) was calculated from total soil porosity and theta(v) measurements. Significant differences in CO(2) fluxes between land management practices (irrigation and tillage) were observed on some measurement dates. Higher CO(2) fluxes were detected in CT plots than in NT and UGA treatments immediately after rainfall or irrigation. Soil CO(2) fluxes increased with increasing soil moisture (R(2)=0.15, P<0.01) while an exponential relationship was found between CO(2) emission and T(s) (R(2)=0.59). Using a stepwise regression analysis procedure, a significant multiple regression equation was developed between CO(2) flux and theta(v), T(s) (CO(2) [Formula: see text] ; R(2)=0.68, P0.01). Not surprisingly, soil temperature was a driving factor in the equation, which accounted for approximately 59% in variation of CO(2) flux. It was concluded that less intensive tillage, such as no-till or strip tillage, along with careful irrigation management will reduce soil CO(2) evolution from land being converted from perennial forages to annual crops.     

乌金塘水库水源保护区区划方案优化决策

在水源保护区划分环境信息调查的基础上，提出了六种区划预选方案，并分析了它们的优缺点，确定了区划方案初步优化结果。为了更科学合理地进行保护区的区划，又采用层次分析法辅以专家征询进行了区划方案的效益和代价分析，对方案进一步优化决策。研究表明在环境信息调查基础上，提出预选方案，定性分析初步优化决策，然后采用层次分析法辅以专家征询是区划方案优化决策的有效途径。     

水体中溶解有机物对多氯联苯在淮河水体沉积物上的吸附和生物富集作用的影响

利用淮河4个采样点同时采集的水、表层沉积物和鲤鱼体内多氯联苯不同同系物的浓度分析数据,讨论该类污染物在水体多介质体系中转移分配规律．研究结果表明,在现场条件下观察到的水,沉积物有机碳分配系数(KOC)的对数及生物富集因子(BCF)的对数与正辛醇,水分配系数(KOW)的对数之间没有相关性．但是当假定水中的多氯联苯同系物与溶解有机碳相互作用并改变了有机污染物在水中形态分布时,以游离态多氯联苯浓度重新计算得到的log KOC和log BCF正比于log KOW,因此,在评价多氯联苯污染生态效应时,溶解有机物的影响不可忽视．