The quest for environmental justice in China: citizen participation and the rural–urban network against Panguanying’s waste incinerator

Environmental distribution conflicts (EDCs) related to the construction and operation of waste incinerators have become commonplace in China. This article presents a detailed case study of citizen opposition to an incinerator in the village of Panguanying, Hebei Province. Drawing on in-depth fieldwork, we show how this case was notable, because it transcended the local arena to raise bigger questions about environmental justice, particularly in relation to public participation in siting decisions, after villagers exposed fraudulent public consultation in the environmental impact assessment. An informal network between villagers and urban environmental activists formed, enabling the Panguanying case to exert influence far beyond the village locality. This network was critical in creating wider public debate about uneven power and substandard public participation in siting disputes, a central feature in many Chinese EDCs. By transcending local specificities and exposing broader, systemic inadequacies, this case became instrumental in supporting “strong sustainability”.     

De novo formation of dioxins from milled model fly ash

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash has been classified as hazardous waste and needs treatment in an environmentally safe manner....     

Distribution and controls of heavy metals and organic matter in the surface sediments of the Southern Yellow Sea,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate and effective determination of the source of heavy metals is essential for the treatment of marine ecological environments. This article...     

全球升温1.5℃与2.0℃情景下长江中下游地区极端降水的变化特征

基于长江中下游地区1961~2100年区域气候模式COSMO-CLM(CCLM)模拟与1961~2005年气象站观测的逐日降水数据,通过统计计算年降水量、强降水量、暴雨日数和极端降水贡献率4个极端降水指数,研究全球升温1.5℃与2.0℃情景下,长江中下游地区极端降水的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)全球升温1.5℃情景下,年降水量相对于1986~2005年减少5%,强降水量、暴雨日数和极端降水贡献率分别增加7%、33%和4%;概率密度曲线表明,年降水量均值下降,强降水量、暴雨日数和极端降水贡献率均值上升,极端降水方差增大;年降水量、强降水量和暴雨日数在空间上表现为南部增加北部减少,极端降水贡献率则相反。(2)全球升温2.0℃情景下,年降水量下降3%,强降水量、暴雨日数和极端降水贡献率分别上升15%、46%和15%;年降水量均值稍有减少且方差稍有上升,强降水量、暴雨日数和极端降水贡献率均值和方差明显增加;年降水量减少区域位于长江主干以北,强降水量、暴雨日数和极端降水贡献率表现为绝大部分地区增加的空间变化特征。(3)全球升温由1.5℃至2.0℃时,年降水量、强降水量、暴雨日数和极端降水贡献率分别增加3%、7%、10%和11%;随升温幅度的增加极端降水均值和方差上升;极端降水呈增加态势的范围扩大。因此,努力将升温控制在1.5℃对降低极端降水的影响具有重要意义。     

城镇化过程对鄱阳湖流域生态系统的影响

城镇化是社会经济发展和现代文明的重要标志,但带来了严重的资源危机和生态环境问题。以鄱阳湖独特的流域特征为研究对象,以城市人口数量表征城镇化的进程,分类解析1990~2011年江西省统计年鉴数据,通过讨论鄱阳湖土地资源结构变化、水资源变化特征、湿地生态系统、生物多样性等资源消耗程度,以及大气污染和水污染为代表的城镇主要污染问题,探讨快速城镇化下鄱阳湖生态环境对干扰的响应。结果表明：鄱阳湖流域各城市的城镇化进展及其机制不同,南昌、九江和上饶城市扩张迅速,而景德镇和赣州发展较平缓;城镇化导致水资源日益紧缺,各城市年总用水量2003年以后均呈增加趋势,其中农业用水量逐年增加,工业用水量各城市年变化存在差异;生物多样性特征受到严重威胁,湖泊水面及湿地面积的持续减少,生物环境的组成和结构发生改变;九江等城市工业废气排放量加大、南昌等城市工业废水排放高,造成湖区环境恶化。根据分析,建议鄱阳湖流域未来从规划土地利用类型、统一调配水资源、制定生物多样性保护对策、加强环境污染治理、强化环保宣传和规划与政策法律化等多方面采取措施。本文为鄱阳湖生态系统可持续发展和生态经济区的城镇化建设提供理论参考     

Treatment of 1,3-Butadiene in an Air Stream by a Biotrickling Filter and a Biofilter

ABSTRACT

This paper presents results obtained from a performance study on the biotreatment of 1,3-butadiene in an air stream using a reactor that consisted of a two-stage, in-series biotrickling filter connected with a three-stage, in-series biofilter. Slags and pig manure-based media were used as packing materials for the biotrickling filter and the biofilter, respectively. Experimental results indicated that, for the biotrickling filter portion, the butadiene elimination capacities were below 5 g/m³/hr for loadings of less than 25 g/m³/hr, and the butadiene removal efficiency was only around 17%. For the biofilter portion, the elimination capacities ranged from 10 to 107 g/m³/hr for loadings of less than 148 g/m³/hr. The average butadiene removal efficiency was 75–84% for superficial gas velocities of 53–142 m/hr and a loading range of 10–120 g/m³/hr. The elimination capacity approached a maximum of 108 g/m³/hr for a loading of 150 g/m³/hr. The elimination rates of butadiene in both the biotrickling filter and biofilter were mass-transfer controlled for influent butadiene concentrations below about 600 ppm for superficial gas velocities of 29–142 m/hr. The elimination capacity was significantly higher in the biofilter than in the biotrickling filter. This discrepancy may be attributed to the higher mass-transfer coefficient and gas-solid interfacial area offered for transferring the gaseous butadiene in the biofilter.     

港口经济推动沿海地区经济发展的分析

随着经济发展和社会演变,港口经济已经成为国际经贸交流的重要推动力量。本文通过理论和实证分析,使读者对港口经济推动沿海地区经济发展的关系有了更全面和深入的认识,对沿海地区经济发展实践活动具有较强的指导意义。文章以港口经济对沿海经济发展的作用机理分析为切入点,以出口导向理论、集聚-扩散效应等理论为基础,分析了港口生长点效应,阐明了港口经济推动沿海地区经济发展的动态过程,从理论和实证两方面揭示了港口经济与沿海地区经济发展之间存在着密切关系。港口经济与沿海地区经济互动发展,紧密结合。从港口经济发展的历史看,以港口为核心的综合服务体系始终是沿海地区发展的基础条件,它通过降低成本、规模经济、开放系统等多个渠道,为沿海地区经济的产生和壮大奠定了基础。在经济运行实际中,港口经济对工业化、国际贸易、城市化发展、经济总产出、要素生产率和就业等方面有着巨大的推动作用,对于各个国家特别是沿海地区国家具有重要意义。     

甲基氯硅烷生产废液制备氯化氢和有机硅树脂

研究了将高、低沸点甲基氯硅烷生产废液分别通过醇解和水解反应制备HCl和有机硅树脂的工艺方法,考察了醇解时间、醇解温度和m(废液)∶m(甲醇)等因素对产物收率的影响.实验得到最佳反应条件为:m(废液)∶m(甲醇)=1∶0.5,醇解温度65℃,醇解时间2h.在该条件下由高、低沸点废液制得的有机硅树脂收率分别为43.2％和40.6％.将制得的有机硅树脂经500℃干燥处理后,可作为填料,制备有机硅树脂-聚氯乙烯复合材料.该材料的力学性能与SiO2 -聚氯乙烯复合材料接近.     

Pyrolysis behavior of tire-derived fuels at different temperatures and heating rates

Pyrolytic product distribution rates and pyrolysis behavior of tire-derived fuels (TDF) were investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) techniques. A TGA was designed and built to investigate the behavior and products of pyrolysis of typical TDF specimens. The fundamental knowledge of TGA analysis and principal fuel analysis are applied in this study. Thermogravimetry of the degradation temperature of the TDF confirms the overall decomposition rate of the volatile products during the depolymerization reaction. The principal fuel analysis (proximate and ultimate analysis) of the pyrolytic char products show the correlation of volatilization into the gas and liquid phases and the existence of fixed carbon and other compounds that remain as a solid char. The kinetic parameters were calculated using least square with minimizing sum of error square technique. The results show that the average kinetic parameters of TDF are the activation energy, E = 1322 +/- 244 kJ/mol, a pre-exponential constant of A = 2.06 +/- 3.47 x 10(10) min(-1), and a reaction order n = 1.62 +/- 0.31. The model-predicted rate equations agree with the experimental data. The overall TDF weight conversion represents the carbon weight conversion in the sample.     

农药毒死蜱的生态风险及其微生物修复技术研究进展

毒死蜱是替代甲胺磷和对硫磷等高毒农药的高效有机磷杀虫剂,在世界范围得到广泛使用.但是,环境毒理学研究发现,毒死蜱对生态环境具有潜在的危险性,甚至被认为具有干扰内分泌的功能,许多国家对毒死蜱在农产品中的残留量有严格的规定.因此,深入研究毒死蜱的生态风险问题是当务之急.对国内外关于毒死蜱的残留活性、生态毒理、降解机制以及生物修复等方面的研究进行了综述,以期对毒死蜱的合理管理和使用提供科学依据.