中国小城镇合理规模探讨——以湖北省武汉市柏泉镇为例

党中央提出科学发展观及建设社会主义新农村任务至今,乡村建设研究在学术界已日益成为热点,而小城镇在乡村建设的过程中发挥着主导作用,因而,小城镇建设是乡村建设工作中的重要任务.对于小城镇而言,建设首先就会涉及到合理的"量",即小城镇的规模合理性问题.由此,可以看出,与党中央政策同步,小城镇的规模合理性问题也必然将成为社会和学术界关注的焦点,对此问题进行研究迫在眉睫.与小城镇在我国城市化进程中的重要地位相结合,研究小城镇规模合理性问题的重要性凸显.本文在翔实把握国内外相关研究的基础上,从区域、生态、经济、社会综合视点同时切入,使用定性研究与定量研究相结合的研究方法,通过对湖北省武汉市柏泉镇合理规模的实例研究,提出了相关研究结论.     

Biological control of AFB1-producing Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from brewer's grains,alternative feed intended for swine production in Argentina

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from brewer's grains on Aspergillus section Flavi growth and aflatoxin B₁ production. The Aspergillus strains tested were inhibited by all the LAB strains assayed. The isolates Lactobacillus brevis B20, P. pentosaceus B86, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis B87, L. brevis B131, and Lactobacillus sp. B144 completely suppressed the fungal growth and reduced aflatoxin B₁ production. In conclusion, LAB isolated from brewer's grains show a high inhibitory activity on fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Further studies must be conducted to evaluate the success of in vitro assays under food environment conditions and to elucidate the antifungal mechanism of these strains.     

Applying Fuzzy Logic to Assess Human Perception in Relation to Conservation Plan Efficiency Measures Within a Biosphere Reserve

The objective of this study is to present an efficiency-perception impact assessment based upon the integration of fuzzy logic (FL) of the "Productive Reconversion" conservation program (PRP) instituted by the Mexican government, in the upper Gulf of California and the Colorado Delta Biosphere Reserve. This approach enables environmental analysts to deal with the intrinsic imprecision and ambiguity associated with people's judgments and conclusions. The application of FL to the assessment of program efficiency is illustrated in this work, demonstrating how subjective perceptions can be converted into quantitative values easy to evaluate during the decision-making process.     

上海市桃浦垃圾填埋场封场植被的重金属吸收和积累特征

城市垃圾填埋场的生态修复问题越来越受到重视,选择合适的封场植被对生态恢复至关重要。本研究对上海市桃浦垃圾填埋场的土壤和29种优势植物的重金属含量进行检测,结果显示,该填埋埋场土壤呈现Zn和Cd的中度复合污染。在研究的优势植物中,杨树、雪松和夹竹桃吸收Zn的能力较强,杨树、紫薇、金丝桃吸收Cd的能力较强。荆芥表现为重金属Zn的富集型植物;龙葵表现为重金属Cd的富集型植物;麦冬和狗尾巴草则表现为重金属的根部囤积型植物。可综合选择这些植物用于城市垃圾填埋场的植物修复和植被恢复。     

中试螺旋式自循环厌氧反应器处理安乃近制药废水的稳定性能简

以制药废水实验了50 m³螺旋式厌氧反应器（SPAC反应器）的稳定性。采用Augmented Dickey-Fuller（ADF）单位根检验表明,螺旋式反应器具有良好的启动和运行稳定性。负荷冲击实验显示,SPAC反应器具有较好的耐浓度冲击能力和耐水力冲击能力,所能耐受的最大浓度冲击强度大于60 000 （mg·h）/L（进水浓度提升2倍）,所能耐受的最大水力冲击强度为300（m³·h）/d（进水流量提升50%）。SPAC反应器还具备受扰恢复能力。在反应液pH低于5.74,出水浓度、COD去除率和容积COD去除速率（VRR）分别为3 500 mg/L、22.30%和2.52 kg/（m³·d）的工况下,经过30 d恢复,出水浓度、COD去除率和VRR的恢复程度达到80%~90%。     

中国1997-2006年可持续发展动态测度分析

利用生态足迹分析法对中国1997-2006年的生态足迹与生态承载力进行核算,从而定量测度近10年来中国的可持续发展状况,根据结果对生态足迹的供给和需求进行分析并提出相应的建议和对策.结果表明:10年来,中国的生态足迹快速增长,由1997年的1.287 hm2增长到2006年的1.941 hm2,人均生态赤字从1997年的0.596 9hm2增长到2006年的1.267 0 hm2,自然生态系统处于不可持续的发展状态; 在生态足迹的构成中,能源和水域的生态赤字最为严重,远未满足供需平衡;此外,万元GDP占用生态足迹从1997年的2.014 8 hm2降低到2006年的1.209 8hm2,说明中国资源利用效率提高较快,经济增长方式在向良性发展.     

玉米生态工程建设综合评价：以黑龙江省肇东市为例

文章以黑龙江省肇东市为例 ,通过对该市玉米生态工程建设成效的综合分析与评价 ,得出生态工程建设是当前生态建设的重要措施 ,这一建设手段在肇东市的利用也己取得了明显的效果 ,说明了它在目前生态建设中具有巨大的生命力。但是 ,要使这一技术手段发挥更大的作用 ,必须大力发展先进适用的科学技术。     

Strategic environmental assessment in China: motivations, politics, and effectiveness

This paper examines how strategic environmental assessment has been practiced at the national level in China through 2005 and why it has been practiced in the manner observed. Based on literature reviews and interviews carried out in 2005 and 2006, we find that bureaucratic politics between environmental and nonenvironmental ministries has limited the legislation and implementation of strategic environmental assessment to environmental assessment (EA) for a set of government plans defined in the 2003 Environmental Impact Assessment Law. Interviewees from environmental and nonenvironmental ministries and key research institutes have reported that few planning EAs have been performed at the sectoral level. Nonenvironmental ministries have either evaded the 2003 Environmental Impact Assessment Law and have not undertaken required planning EA or have organized planning EA on their own without participation by the State Environmental Protection Administration. The rising tension between the environmental and nonenvironmental ministries has limited the role of planning EA as a participatory decision-making tool. In addition to bureaucratic politics, we find that weak public participation and underemphasis on social analysis in planning EA may have further compromised the utility of planning EA.     

海相沉积岩铁同位素体系及其古环境指示

铁(Fe)作为主要造岩元素及生命必需元素,广泛参与地球表层圈层所涉及的物理、化学和生物作用,在调节海洋初级生产力和驱动海洋生物地球化学循环过程扮演重要角色.Fe同位素作为较早开发的非传统稳定同位素体系,目前已成为示踪生物地球化学循环过程及古海洋环境演变的有效手段.本文在对全球海洋Fe循环和表生地质过程Fe同位素分馏机理...     

屋面雨水集汇过程中新污染物分布及归趋特性

雨水中新污染物（ECs）识别逐渐受到广泛关注,掌握其在降水过程赋存及迁变特性成为雨水资源化利用的关键. 选取典型屋面,研究了2023年春季3~5月期间6场降雨事件不同集汇过程中雨水水质状况及ECs赋存差异,采用主成分分析（PCA）和相关性分析,探明了屋面雨水集汇过程中ECs归趋特性. 结果表明,54种目标ECs在净湿沉降、干湿沉降和屋面径流过程中共检出44种,总浓度范围为63.0~432.4 ng·L^-1（平均值为166.8 ng·L^-1）. 其中,双酚A（BPA）浓度水平最高,其范围为14.7~265.6 ng·L^-1（平均值为62.5 ng·L^-1）,其次为氧氟沙星（OFX）和甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯（EHMC）;溶解性有机质（DOM）、氮污染物和颗粒物是影响ECs赋存特性的重要因子,Mantel相关系数最高可达0.98（P<0.01）;初期雨水集汇过程中净湿沉降的ECs浓度最高,而后期干湿沉降和屋面径流的ECs浓度较高,干、湿沉降对屋面径流的ECs平均贡献率分别为21.48%和78.52%,药品与个人护理品（PPCPs）、内分泌干扰物（EDCs）和农药等在集汇过程中超30%沉积在屋面. 研究结果可为城市屋面径流中的ECs识别和控制以及雨水安全利用提供科学理论依据.