鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物粒级组成特征及搬运趋势分析

沉积物的粒级组成特征对于分析湿地沉积环境和搬运趋势有着重要意义。基于自然保护区沉积物样品，利用粒度分析、Shepard三角图、C-M图、端元分析和GSTA搬运趋势模型，研究分析了鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物的粒级组成特征、沉积类型、动力环境和泥沙搬运趋势。结果表明，鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物主要以细粉砂为主，平均值为55.35%。沉积物粒度参数中平均粒径均值为5.24Φ，空间分布上具有由西南至东北Φ值逐渐减小的趋势。沉积物质地类型主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂，其中粉砂约占62.5%。端元分析的结果显示EM1和EM2可能与鄱阳湖本身湖流带来的沉积物搬运有关，EM3则指示了赣江泥沙来源，EM4可能与局地小环境的水动力变化有关。鄱阳湖南矶湿地沉积物粒径趋势格局以东部向西部、北部向南部最为显著，鄱阳湖南矶湿地是在赣江与鄱阳湖之间复杂交互作用下形成。     

Nature of property rights and motivation for blue growth: An empirical evidence from the fisheries industry

If unauthorized resource use is prevented, managing marine resources by allocating property rights may match economic and environmental conservation incentives. However, because of the developing exploitation of marine resources and accompanying pollution, species' living conditions in Europe's waters are changing more quickly than before. By considering the roles of fisheries productivity, intellectual property rights, intellectual capital rights, market size, governance, and economic growth from 1990 to 2022, this paper aims to investigate the dynamic effect of property rights factors on the sustainability of the fisheries industry in 27 European countries. At higher quantiles, the findings showed a significant positive association between governance and fisheries sustainability adopting a new method, the MMQR with fixed effects, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression. In addition, in EU27 nations, the impact of intellectual property rights was favorable and statistically significant from the first to ninth quantiles. The findings show that the EU14 developed nations have more excellent governance and intellectual capital rights than the EU13 developing countries, significantly benefiting fisheries sustainability. In the same way that market size and economic growth condense fisheries sustainability in EU14 developed and EU13 developing countries, it has been discovered that intellectual property rights do the same across all quantiles, supporting the growth hypothesis for fisheries-producing countries. The findings specifically show that the beneficial solid impact of intellectual property rights, market size, and economic development on the sustainability of fisheries is more significant in EU13 developing nations than in EU14 developed countries. These results provide policymakers with helpful information for promoting property rights aspects in EU14 and EU13 nations via effective green technologies in the fisheries sector to meet sustainable development objectives.     

US/UV-Fenton体系处理高浓度罗丹明B特性研究

以罗丹明B为目标污染物,探索US/UV-Fenton体系对高浓度染料的降解规律.首先对比了Fenton、US-Fenton、UV-Fenton以及US/UV-Fenton体系降解RB的效果,通过建立反应动力学方程,发现各体系反应均符合伪一级动力学,进而分析US/UV-Fenton体系之间的协同因子.考察了初始溶液pH值、H₂O₂的投加量、H₂O₂与Fe²⁺摩尔比、反应时间和超声功率5个因素对US/UV-Fenton体系降解污染物的影响.结果表明,在最佳条件下罗丹明B溶液脱色率为99.9%,COD_Cr和TOC去除率分别为91.2%和61.85%,废水可生化性（BOD₅/COD值）由0.277提高至0.503.最后根据反应规律,分析了US/UV-Fenton体系的反应机制,深度探讨了体系之间的协同促进作用.     

Microprofiles of activated sludge aggregates using microelectrodes in completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor

Microsensor measurements and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were combined to investigate the microbial populations and activities in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). Fed with synthetic wastewater rich in ammonia, the SBR removed 82.5±5.4% of influent nitrogen and a maximum nitrogen-removal rate of 0.52 kgN·m⁻³·d⁻¹ was achieved. The FISH analysis revealed that aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) Nitrosomonas and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) dominated the community. To quantify the microbial activities inside the sludge aggregates, microprofiles were measured using pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, NO2− and NO3− microelectrodes. In the outer layer of sludge aggregates (0–700 μm), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) showed high activity with 4.1 μmol·cm⁻³·h⁻¹ of maximum nitrate production rate under the condition of DO concentration higher than 3.3 mg·L⁻¹. Maximum AerAOB activity was detected in the middle layer (depths around 1700 μm) where DO concentration was 1.1 mg·L⁻¹. In the inner layer (2200–3500 μm), where DO concentration was below 0.9 mg·L⁻¹, AnAOB activity was detected. We thus showed that information obtained from microscopic views can be helpful in optimizing the SBR performance.     

环境污染物对硬骨鱼肾间应激轴影响的研究进展

具备神经内分泌应激反应能力是一个健康有机体的基本特征,它可以使动物应对威胁其体内平衡的紧急情形。鱼类在遭受环境胁迫时,通过启动肾间应激轴分泌应激激素皮质醇,为机体动员和分配能量以维持体内平衡。虽然近来大多数研究的焦点一直是污染物对生殖轴线以及性类固醇激素的影响,但是污染物对其它内分泌系统包括肾间应激轴的干扰也越来越受到关注。环境污染物干扰肾间应激轴不仅损害鱼类正常的应激反应能力,还会进一步危害其生长、生殖、免疫等生理功能。本文在简要介绍硬骨鱼肾间应激轴结构组成及调控机制的基础上,综述了多种环境污染物对硬骨鱼肾间应激轴的干扰作用及其机制,展望了该领域今后的研究重点和方向。     

一起液氯泄漏事故的分析及预防对策

针对国内近年来氯气泄漏、爆炸事故频发的现状,选择其中具有典型性的江西某厂氯气泄漏事故,运用因果分析方法对其事故原因进行系统分析,根据分析结果,以降低事故发生概率和严重度为目标,从管理角度提出预防对策.     

建筑工人不安全行为影响因子分析及控制措施研究

为有效的控制建筑工人的不安全行为,从而减少事故,须分析出建筑工人不安全行为主要影响因素,并提出针对性控制措施。从各种不安全行为中提取13个影响因子,在此基础上通过访谈和调研获得直接影响矩阵,借助决策试验和评价实验室方法(DEMATEL)计算出每个因子的影响度、原因度和中心度,由此分析出安全态度、安全技能、安全认知和安全培训在影响因素体系中最为重要,领导的重视对建筑工人的不安全行为也有很大影响。结果表明:个人因素是影响工人安全行为的主要因素,环境因素和管理因素通过影响个人因素影响工人的安全行为。最后,针对个人影响因素,提出了合理开展安全培训、加强现场行为管理、加强安全心理干预、完善用工制度等措施。     

小陇山自然保护区华山松群落8个主要种群的生态位研究

小陇山国家级自然保护区是中国华山松的主要分布区之一。在野外大量调查基础上,运用Levins和Shan-non-Wiener生态位宽度、生态位重叠和生态位相似比例等指数,对林区华山松群落中8个主要种群生态位特征进行研究。结果表明,生态位宽度值大小依次为华山松、锐齿栎、披针叶忍冬、漆树、甘肃山楂、毛栗、辽东栎和少脉椴。华山松Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度值最大,为0.988 8,其次是锐齿栎,为0.877 6,少脉椴最小,为0.352 9。该群落种群间生态位重叠值普遍较低,表明多数种群间竞争较小。建群种华山松与其他种群间生态位重叠值较大,为0.079 1~0.101 3,而其他种群与华山松间生态位重叠值却较小,为0.015 4~0.069 0,华山松与毛栗的重叠值最大,为0.101 3,华山松与少脉椴的重叠值最小,为0.079 1。生态位相似比例在0.5以上的种群对有4对,占14.28%,分别是华山松-锐齿栎、华山松-披针叶忍冬、锐齿栎-披针叶忍冬和锐齿栎-漆树种群对,在0.5以下的有24对,占85.72%,表明群落中多数种群对资源利用的相似性程度较小。作为中国华山松的分布地之一,秦岭西段小陇山林区具有暖...     

黑龙江省区域技术创新能力评价研究

构建了区域技术创新能力评价指标体系.利用因子分析法对2010年黑龙江省的相关数据进行了分析,评价其13个区域的技术创新能力,并从人才创新能力、技术创新能力、环境保障能力、经济增长能力这4个层面探究了黑龙江省区域技术创新能力的差异以及提升其技术创新能力的对策.     

某高层建筑条形走廊排烟口布置方式的研究

火灾中烟气具有很高的温度和毒性,是人员安全的最大威胁.高层建筑发生火灾时,走廊是烟气扩散的重要途径,同时也是人员逃生的必经之路.通过建立高层建筑内烟气流动的数学模型,采用κ-ε双方程三维紊流模型,利用Fluent软件对高层建筑火灾时不同排烟口布置方式下的机械排烟进行模拟.对比分析了高层建筑条形走廊内单排烟口置于走廊顶部、侧壁和采用双排烟口时的机械排烟效率以及走廊内的烟气扩散状况.结果表明,排烟口置于顶棚时比排烟口置于侧壁时排烟效率高近10%,采用双排烟口比单排烟口排烟效率高约7%.在前室门附近设置排烟口,一方面减少了新鲜空气向火场的输送,提高了排烟效率;另一方面,可以在前室门附近的走廊内形成一段危险性较小的区域,有利于人员安全疏散.