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81.
Ramiro Ahumada-Cervantes Gilberto Velázquez-Angulo Hugo B. Rodríguez-Gallegos Edith Flores-Tavizón Rubén Félix-Gastélum Jaime Romero-González Alfredo Granados-Olivas 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(1):137-152
To propose specific adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector based on vulnerability to climate variability and climate change at the local level, we built a vulnerability index using an indicator tool at a fine spatial scale. This index was applied as a case study in the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico, at the basic census area (BCA) level. We used a total of 37 variables organized into three groups with equal weighting: exposure (13), sensitivity (13), and adaptive capacity (11). From the 20 rural BCAs located in the study area, eight were categorized as having very low vulnerability; five had low vulnerability; two had medium vulnerability because of the lack of basic services (sewers, water, and electricity) and a high rural population density; three had high vulnerability due to a high frequency of days with temperatures below 5 °C and the lack of basic services; and two had very high vulnerability, characterized by a high percentage of production units (PUs) with losses due to climate factors, a high rural population density, and a high frequency of days with temperatures below 5 °C. Approximately 50 % of the municipal rural population lives in BCAs vulnerable to climate change. This methodology allowed us to identify the most susceptible agricultural areas at the local level and the variables that require more attention so that we can propose adaptation strategies and minimize vulnerability due to climate change. 相似文献
82.
Octavio Cota-Arriola Mario Onofre Cortez-Rocha Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza Armando Burgos-Hernández Rosario Maribel Robles-Sánchez Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(4):971-980
Recent studies have demonstrated the antibacterial effect of micro and nanoparticles of chitosan (CS) crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and incorporating metallic ions, bringing that the size, shape, and zeta potential are related to the antimicrobial potential. However, there are few studies on the antifungal activity and the effect of TPP on the antimicrobial potential. Micro and nanoparticles were prepared from CS by ionotropic gelation with TPP, and structurally characterized by transmission and scanning electron spectroscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Depending on the concentration of CS and TPP, spherical particles were obtained from 80 nm to 20 μm. Subsequently, particles were evaluated for their antifungal potential against Aspergillus parasiticus assessing radial growth, spore germination, and morphological changes. An increase in the antifungal potential compared with CS in solution was observed, inhibiting the development of the fungus causing clear morphological changes in both, hyphae and spores. Particle size and the availability of functional groups of CS/TPP (amino group and phosphate), suggest a possible synergistic effect between CS and TPP. 相似文献
83.
84.
Rogelio Cruz-Martínez Adolfo Etchegaray Saulo Molina-Giraldo Belen Nieto-Castro Enrique Gil Guevara Joaquin Bustillos Miguel Martínez-Rodríguez Alma Gámez-Varela Daniel Saldivar-Rodríguez Erendira Chávez-González Rodolfo Keller Ricardo Russo Eduardo Yepez-García Fausto Coronel-Cruz Johnatan Torres-Torres Alejandro Rojas-Macedo Daniel Ibarra-Ríos Ricardo Ordorica-Flores Jaime Nieto-Zermeño Manuel Alcocer-Alcocer 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(7):519-526
85.
Jaime Bosch 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2001,88(10):434-437
Male midwife toads (Alytes cisternasii) responded differently depending on the call frequency and call rate of other males. I tested female Iberian midwife toads with the same set of stimuli used earlier with males. Females responded faster to high call rates, and female vocal activity was greater in response to low-frequency male calls. Thus, in both sexes, the vocal response differs in the same direction according to signal frequency variation, but the magnitude of the response is greater in males than in females. In the light of these results, I discuss the implications for sexual selection of this reciprocal calling. 相似文献
86.
Land Management Versus Natural Factors in Land Instability: Some Examples in Northern Spain 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Viola Maria Bruschi Jaime Bonachea Juan Remondo Jose Gómez-Arozamena Victoria Rivas Matteo Barbieri Stefano Capocchi Mauro Soldati Antonio Cendrero 《Environmental management》2013,52(2):398-416
The objective of this work is to test a hypothesis formulated on the basis of former results which considers that there might be a “global geomorphic change,” due to activities related to land management and not determined by climate change, which could be causing an acceleration of geomorphic processes. Possible relationships between some geomorphic processes related to land instability (landslides or sediment generation) and potential triggering factors are analyzed in study areas in northern Spain. The analysis is based on landslide inventories covering different periods, as well as the determination of sedimentation rates. Temporal landslide and sedimentation rate trends are compared with different indicators of human activities (land-use change, logging, forest fires) and with potential natural triggers (rainfall, seismicity). The possible influence of the road network in the distribution of landslides is also analyzed. Results obtained show that there is a general increase of both landslide and sedimentation rates with time that cannot be explained satisfactorily by observed rainfall trends and even less by seismicity. Land-use change appears to be by far the main factor leading to land instability, with some changes producing up to a 12-fold increase of landslide rate. A relationship between road network and the spatial distribution of landslides has also been observed. These results do confirm the existence of an acceleration of geomorphic processes in the region, and also suggest that climate-related factors play a limited role in the changes observed. 相似文献
87.
Competence in understanding and resolving environmental problems requires a curriculum that integrates traditional disciplines
with applied problem-solving skills and/or methods. Building upon the work of scholars who are calling for curriculum reform
so that students may understand better the ethical dimensions of environmental problems, we analyze the theory of using dialogic
writing to think and learn about the environment, and we provide examples of application of this technique. 相似文献
88.
Jaime Villalobos 《Natural resources forum》1989,13(3):191-197
Bolivia is a country of great mineral wealth with known reserves estimated to be worth over US$7 billion. Despite this great potential wealth, in the early 1980s the mining industry of Bolivia found itself in a crisis characterized by excessive state intervention in the industry, a financially troubled state mining company, large areas of the country off-limits to mineral development, an irrational tax system which discouraged mining and labour unrest. To deal with these problems, the government decided to restructure the mining industry so as to encourage private participation. This paper describes the policies introduced to revitalize the mining industry as well as projections of what the future benefits would be to the country if those policies are successful in achieving their objectives. 相似文献
89.
Teresa Catry Jaime A. Ramos Matthieu Le Corre Jessica Kojadinovic Paco Bustamante 《Marine Biology》2008,155(6):637-647
Nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes and contaminants, such as mercury, have been widely used to characterise foraging ecology of temperate
and polar seabirds. In this study, for the first time, we used isotopic signatures and mercury levels of feathers and blood
of eight tropical seabird species, that forage in a range-gradient between inshore and offshore areas, to describe the foraging
habits of a large tropical seabird community (from two neighboring islands of the Seychelles archipelago, western Indian Ocean)
during both the breeding and inter-breeding periods. Overall, we found a high overlap in both δ15N and δ13C signatures among species. The high inter-specific overlap in δ15N values was expected, given the similarities in the diet of the species from this community. However, several unexpected
results, such as (1) the consistently higher δ15N signatures of white terns (Gygis alba), (2) the large variation in inter-specific differences in δ15N signatures among the sampling groups (season, age, island and tissue) and (3) the consistent low δ15N values of breeding birds during the northwest monsoon (austral summer), suggest that δ15N signatures cannot be used as indicators of seabird trophic levels in this community. The high inter-specific overlap in
δ13C signatures and the absence, during the breeding season, of a δ13C gradient that follows the inshore-offshore foraging gradient within the community can be explained by the habitat homogeneity
of the Seychelles continental shelf and suggest that birds forage mostly within the limits of this “plateau”. On the other
hand, the similarities in δ13C values between the breeding and inter-breeding periods in species that are known to show post-breeding dispersal, strongly
support the hypothesis of a lack of latitudinal variation in δ13C signatures of POM in the central Indian Ocean, and the consequent inaccuracy of δ13C values to track seabird movements within this geographic area. Inter-specific differences in mercury levels seem to be related
to prey size, while consistent higher mercury concentrations in one of the studied islands suggest different island mercury-backgrounds
and possible segregation in foraging areas between the seabirds of the two islands.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
90.
Princewill C. Ogbonna Scholastica N. Nwokolo Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):1925-1933
This study determined the heavy metal concentration in soil and plants at a bone char site in Umuahia, Nigeria. Soil and plant samples collected in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) were analyzed for zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As). The concentration of metals in soil and plants in the vicinity of the bone char site are as follows: Zn (172?mg?kg?1) and Ni (0.62?mg?kg?1) in soil were highest at site P3, Pb (2.37?mg?kg?1) and As (0.08?mg?kg?1) at site P1, and Cd (18.30?mg?kg?1) at site P2. In plants, the concentrations of Zn (41.17?mg?kg?1) and Cd (3?mg?kg?1) were highest in Albizia ferruginea, Ni in Dialium guineense (0.09?mg?kg?1), while Pb was in D. guineense (0.08?mg?kg?1) and Spathodea companulata (0.06?mg?kg?1). The levels of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and As in soil ranged from 11.2 to 172, 2.68 to 18.2, 0.026 to 2.37, 0.33 to 0.62, and 0.02 to 0.08?mg?kg?1, respectively. In plants, the concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni ranged from 2.01 to 41.17, 0.12 to 3, 0.02 to 0.08, and 0.03 to 0.09?mg?kg?1, respectively. There were significant correlations between Zn and Cd, and Pb and As in soil. The high concentration of Cd in soil might affect soil productivity. 相似文献