壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵三元接枝共聚物的合成及应用

在N2保护下,以硝硬驱铈铵为引发剂,将壳聚糖（CTS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）及二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）接枝共聚得到CTS-AM-DMDAAC三元接枝共聚物,考察了反应条件对接枝共聚反应的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度50℃、反应时间5-6h,m（CTS）：m（AM）：m（DMAAAC）=1：6：0.67、c（Ce^4＋）=0.8mmol/L的最佳反应条件下,接枝共聚反应的接枝率和接枝效率分别为64%和10.5%。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对CTS-AM-DMDAAC进行了表征。絮凝实验结果表明：CTS-AM-DMDAAC对高岭土水样具有较强的絮凝能力,可在很宽的pH范围内使用。用CTS-AM-DMDAAC处理COD为165.5mg/L的啤酒生产废水,COD去除率达90.1%.     

土壤有机物污染控制标准制订的方法学研究

指出了中国现行土壤环境质量标准存在的问题.对日本和美国等发达国家的有机物污染土壤质量控制标准进行了分析.从土壤环境质量基准制订的方法学和污染控制标准的确定原则上,提出了制订中国土壤有机物污染控制标准的建议.     

"十一五"脱硫计划实施前后长三角地区的硫沉降变化

采用RAINS ASIA模型研究了"十一五"期间长三角地区实施脱硫措施前后硫沉降超临界负荷的变化.结果表明,在90%保证率下,长三角地区硫沉降的临界负荷(以S计,下同)总值为78.38万t/a;2005年该地区硫沉降的超临界负荷总值为27.98万t/a,有45.6%区域面积的硫沉降超过临界负荷;如果不实施脱硫措施,到2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷的情景将急剧恶化,硫沉降超临界负荷总值将增长18.4%,超临界负荷的区域面积将增加到48.7%;"十一五"脱硫计划如期实施后,2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷总值将在2005年的基础上下降27.4%,但仍有39.1%的区域面积超过临界负荷,须采取更严格的措施控制硫沉降量.     

黄钠铁矾渣制备透明氧化铁黄的研究

研究了以黄钠铁矾渣为原料,采用滴加法制备透明铁黄的工艺条件,讨论了亚铁浓度、温度、通气量、搅拌速度及添加剂用量等因素对铁黄制备的影响.用XRD和TEM对产品进行表征.结果表明,铁黄粒子呈针状;长轴为95～125 nm,短轴为18～25 nm;无团聚现象,单分散性好.     

渗滤液回流对不同填埋结构甲烷变化规律的影响研究

建立了大型模拟填埋试验装置,研究了渗滤液回流对不同填埋结构甲烷变化规律的影响.每周对填埋气体中甲烷浓度进行监测.结果表明:厌氧填埋中回流操作使甲烷浓度峰值提前了147 d,峰值为59.6%(体积分数,下同);准好氧填埋中回流操作使甲烷浓度峰值提前259 d,峰值为44.7%.回流操作使甲烷产气高峰提前,增加产气量,加快填埋垃圾稳定,减轻渗滤液污染.厌氧填埋中进行回流操作有利于甲烷的回收利用;准好氧填埋结构可有效减少甲烷的排放,减小对环境的危害.稳定期的垃圾填埋体进行回流产生一定的甲烷,但浓度较低,最高仅26.0%,没有利用价值.     

上海城市河道治理工程简介

对上海中心城区内5条污染河道的背景情况、治理工程措施及实践效果进行了介绍,对国内相似地区开展城市水环境整治工作具有一定的参考价值。     

湖州市北污水处理厂污泥处理运行管理

重点介绍湖州市北污水处理厂采用带式压滤机进行污泥脱水处理的应用情况及运行管理,并进行了小结。     

Patterns of catch and trophic signatures illustrate diverse management requirements of coastal fisheries in Solomon Islands

Coastal fisheries are a critical component of Pacific island food systems; they power village economies and provide nutritious aquatic foods. Many coastal women and men actively fishing in this region rely on multi-species fisheries, which given their extraordinary diversity are notoriously difficult to both characterize, and to manage. Understanding patterns of fishing, diversity of target species and drivers of these patterns can help define requirements for sustainable management and enhanced livelihoods. Here we use a 12-month data set of 8535 fishing trips undertaken by fishers across Malaita province, Solomon Islands, to create fisheries signatures for 13 communities based on the combination of two metrics; catch per unit effort (CPUE) and catch trophic levels. These signatures are in turn used as a framework for guiding suitable management recommendations in the context of community-based resource management. While a key proximate driver of these patterns was fishing gear (e.g. angling, nets or spearguns), market surveys and qualitative environmental information suggest that community fishing characteristics are coupled to local environmental features more than the market value of specific species they target. Our results demonstrate that even within a single island not all small-scale fisheries are equal, and effective management solutions ultimately depend on catering to the specific environmental characteristics around individual communities.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01690-z.     

Sustainable method towards magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers for efficient Methylene Blue removal

The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of pH impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly. Herein, a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers (M-OMPs) without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst. The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously, and exhibited high removal efficiency (>99%) for Methylene Blue (MB) within a short time (10 min) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. What's more, high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of pH 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.     

陕北子长县阎家沟黄土滑坡特征及其变形机制

野外调查和钻探资料显示,阎家沟滑坡属大型黄土滑坡,滑坡体为中、晚更新世黄土.在滑坡前缘流水侵蚀坡脚和滑坡体上修建窑洞、梯田、排放生活用水等人类工程活动影响下以及在2002年7月4日连续强降雨的激发下,目前处于不稳定状态,若遇强降雨失稳概率很大.填埋滑坡体裂隙和孔洞、加强地表排水、在滑坡体前缘沟谷修建淤地坝是提高陕北此类滑坡稳定性最为经济有效的措施.