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141.
γ-射线辐照法改善城市污水厂剩余污泥厌氧消化特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用γ-射线辐照法对城市污水厂剩余污泥进行预处理,从固体组分、可溶性组分及厌氧产气量等角度来探讨γ-射线辐照法改善城市污水厂剩余污泥厌氧消化特性的可行性。结果表明,经γ-射线辐照处理后,污泥的平均粒径减小,在辐照剂量为6.51-30.75kGy范围内,粒径的减小率达30%-50%;可溶性有机组分随着辐照剂量升高而增加,当辐照剂量为19.4kGy时,SCOD增加率达552.5%;与未辐照相比,污泥经2.48、6.51、11.24kGy辐照处理后,厌氧消化累计产气量分别增加8.89%、19.74%和35.81%。γ-射线辐照法是一种有效的改善污泥厌氧消化特性的方法,11.24kGy左右的剂量可作为污泥预处理的最佳剂量。 相似文献
142.
Ramljak S Hackenberger BK Smital T Britvić S 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2000,35(6):751-770
The effect of the herbicide Dicuran 500 FL (formulated product) on the phenotypical and genotypical changes in procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms was investigated using short-term tests for detecting genotoxins. Since pesticides discharged in the water environment can modulate the mixed-function monooxygenases (MFO) detoxification system of water organisms, the in vivo and in vitro effects of Dicuran on hepatic cytochrome P450 (cyt P450) monooxygenase activities were also examined in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). By measuring the activities of MFO in experimental carp exposed to Dicuran an attempt was made to establish whether Dicuran could be bioactivated by MFO into ultimate mutagens. Our results on the bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 show that Dicuran does not possess either mutagenic or premutagenic characteristics. The micronucleus test on the erythrocytes of experimental carp did not establish any clastogenic effect either. However, Dicuran significantly inhibited the MFO activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and benzo[a]pyrene monooxygenase (BaPMO) in the liver of experimental carp in vitro, as well as in in vivo conditions. These findings demonstrate the potentially damaging effect of Dicuran on the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme systems of fish, and suggest the applicability of described methods for the prediction of the ecotoxicological significance of the presence of pesticides in the water environment. 相似文献
143.
研究了微波辐射下Cr(VI)-H2O2催化降解甲基橙溶液的行为,探索了微波功率、微波辐射时间、pH值、H2O2浓度、Cr(VI)等对甲基橙溶液脱色率和COD去除率的影响。研究结果表明,Cr(VI)-H2O2能形成类Fenton体系;微波辐射可提高H2O2产生羟基自由基(·OH)的效率。1000 mg/L的甲基橙溶液,在Cr(VI)浓度为10.0 mmol/L、pH值为2.5、H2O2浓度为20.0 mmol/L、微波功率为700W下加热2 min,甲基橙溶液的脱色率为99.2%,COD去除率为82.8%。 相似文献
144.
Milan Vrtílek Jakub Žák Radim Blažek Matej Polačik Alessandro Cellerino Martin Reichard 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2018,105(11-12):68
Senescence in wild populations was long considered negligible but current evidence suggests that it is widespread in natural populations of mammals and birds, affecting the survival and reproductive output of older individuals. In contrast, little is known about reproductive senescence in species with asymptotic growth that can keep increasing their reproductive output as they grow older and larger. Using a cross-sectional study, we tested age-related decline in fecundity and relative allocation to reproduction in five wild populations of an annual killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri (Cyprinodontiformes). We did not detect any decline in absolute female egg production over their short lifespan in the wild. Relative fecundity (egg production controlled for female body mass) tended to decrease with age. This effect was driven primarily by a single population that survived 17 weeks, almost twice as long as the median persistence of the other four study populations. There was no decrease in relative ovary mass while in males, relative testes mass actually increased with age. Intra-population variation in relative ovary mass increased in older females suggesting heterogeneity in individual trajectories of female reproductive allocation. Overall, we demonstrate that annual killifish do not experience significant age-related decline in reproductive functions during their very short lifespan in the wild despite the marked deterioration of gonad tissue detected in captivity. 相似文献
145.
146.
针对传统层次分析法(AHP)计算过程中元素相对重要性难以判定且一致性检验计算量偏大的缺点,改进型层次分析法(IAHP)采用三标度法联合自调节方法构造比较矩阵,并转化为一致判断矩阵。结合实例介绍了IAHP法的运用,该方法易于进行元素相对重要性赋值,使专家和决策者较易接受,且不需要进行一致性检验。明显降低了运算量。 相似文献
147.
石油污染地的土壤修复技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对石油污染土壤的各类修复技术进行了总结和归纳,并对各项技术的优缺点加以比较,提出了一套石油污染地生态恢复的流程。 相似文献
148.
149.
Zhaohui Jiang Benoît Grosselin Véronique Daële Abdelwahid Mellouki Yujing Mu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(2):84-91
Atmospheric carbonyls were measured at a semi-urban site in Orléans, France, from October 2010to July2011. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were found to be the most abundant carbonyls, with average concentrations of 3.1, 1.0, 2.0 ppb, respectively in summer, 2.3, 0.7, 2.2 ppb, respectively in autumn, 2.2, 1.0, 2.1 ppb, respectively in spring,and 1.5, 0.7, 1.1 ppb, respectively in winter. Photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) was found to make a remarkable contribution to atmospheric carbonyls in the semi-urban site based on the distinct seasonal and diurnal variations of the carbonyls, as well as the significantly positive correlations between the carbonyls and ozone. The significantly negative correlations between NO x and O_3 as well as the carbonyls and the positive correlations between wind speed and O_3 as well as the carbonyls implied that the carbonyls and O_3 at the semi-urban site were probably formed during air mass transport from neighboring cities. 相似文献
150.
Abdelwahid Mellouki Christian George Fahe Chai Yujing Mu Jianmin Chen Hong Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(2):1-2
正Clean air is essential to people's health and that of the environment.Since the industrial revolution,however,the quality of the air that people breathe has deteriorated considerably—mainly as a result of human activities.Rising industrial and energy production,the burning of fossil fuels and the dramatic rise in traffic all contribute to air pollution in our cities which,in turn,can lead to serious health problems for instance 相似文献