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81.
R.?ShineEmail author B.?Phillips H.?Waye M.?LeMaster R.?T.?Mason 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,54(2):162-166
When choosing between two potential mates, a male may benefit by picking a larger (longer and/or more heavy-bodied) female because she is likely to produce more or larger offspring. Males of many species use visual cues to evaluate the sizes of their mates, but in some situations (at night or in a crowded mating swarm), vision may be useless. Potentially, males may be able to use chemical cues that convey information about female body size. We manipulated cues available to free-ranging male garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis ) in large courting aggregations near communal dens in Manitoba, Canada. Males not only directed disproportionate courtship to longer and heavier-bodied females, but also courted most vigorously in response to lipids extracted from the skins of such females. Our data show that with a flick of his tongue, a male garter snake can identify not only a female's body length, but also her body condition. 相似文献
82.
Nicole E. Phillips 《Marine Biology》2007,151(4):1543-1550
Spatial variation in reproductive output from different populations within a region could have important consequences for
recruitment, and cascading effects on populations and communities of marine species, but is rarely examined over meso-scales
(i.e., tens to hundreds of kilometers). In this study, reproduction in the dominant mid-intertidal mussel, Mytilus californianus, was examined from sites spanning Point Conception, California over a 6-month period (March–August 2000). There was a dramatic
geographic pattern in the relationship between size and potential reproductive output that was qualitatively similar across
all 6 months sampled. Increases in allocation to reproductive tissue with increasing body size occurred at all sites, but
the slope nearly doubled at sites south of Point Conception compared to northern sites. The spatial variation in size-specific
reproductive output, coupled with additional spatial gradients in mussel density and size distributions, combined to increase
total reproductive output by over eightfold at southern relative to northern sites. This study highlights the need to explicitly
examine spatial patterns of reproductive output at these meso-scales, in order to better understand connectivity and source–sink
dynamics in marine systems. 相似文献
83.
Environmental Conflicts and the SLAPP 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Terrance M. Hurley Visiting Scientist Jason F. Shogren Thomas Stroock Distinguished Professor of Natural Resource Conservation Management 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1997,33(3):253-273
A citizen has the right to challenge a firm's actions regarding development plans or violations of environmental laws. Firms have responded with the SLAPP—Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation. Fearing the loss of the Constitutional Right to Petition, several U.S. states have or are considering explicitly restricting the SLAPP. For a class of environmental conflict models with one-sided asymmetric information, our results suggest that restricting the SLAPP does not increase the efficiency of the dispute. 相似文献
84.
P. M. Lutz C. Jayachandran N. L. Gale J. Hewett P. E. Phillips F. M. Looney H. Bengsch 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1994,16(3-4):167-177
Studies conducted in animal systems have shown that lead is an immunosuppressive agent at levels far below those causing overt toxicity. Children less than six years of age are the population at highest risk for exposure to environmental lead; however little data were available to assess effects on the developing immune system in this age group. Reported here is the completed Phase I study on 193 children, ages 9 months to 6 years, with blood lead levels from 1 to 50 (g dL–1, recruited from the urban population of Springfield-Greene County, Missouri, through their participation in the WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) and Lead Poisoning Prevention Programs. This portion of the study dealt with enumeration of cells involved with the immune response andin vitro mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes. The percent lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, T cells (total), B cells, CD4+T's and CD8+T's and CD4+/CD8+ ratios were determined and the data were analysed. No consistent significant differences were seen among the various risk categories currently identified by the CDC. Though two age groups showed some possible effect of lead, none of the various cellular parameters within these age groups showed significant correlation with blood lead. The lymphocyte response toin vitro mitogenic stimulus was studied on 42 children (including 17 in risk classifications IIA and higher) using the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (Con A), and Pokeweed mitogen (PWM). No consistent statistically significant differences were seen among the various risk categories; the effects of lead, if present, are most likely subtle and obscured by the interindividual and time-dependent variation inherent in this type of study. 相似文献
85.
Jason C. Burckhardt Brian L. Todd 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(1):179-184
ABSTRACT: Dendrochronology analyses of point bar complexes were used to quantify the effects of riparian forests on local lateral migration of bends in seven streams in the glacial till plains of north central Missouri. Stream bends were paired with similar bank height, midchannel radius of curvature, soil composition, and watershed size. In each pair, one concave bank was forested and one was unforested. Stream bends with unforested concave banks had an average local migration rate three times greater than stream bends that had forested concave banks. 相似文献
86.
Martin FL Piearce TG Hewer A Phillips DH Semple KT 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,138(2):307-315
There is a need to develop risk biomarkers during the remediation of contaminated land. We employed the earthworm, Aporrectodea longa (Ude), to determine whether genotoxicity measures could be applied to this organism's intestinal tissues. Earthworms were added, for 24h or 7 days, to soil samples spiked with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and/or lindane. After exposure, intestinal tissues (crop/gizzard or intestine) were removed prior to the measurement in disaggregated cells of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) by the alkaline comet assay. Damage was quantified by comet tail length (CTL, microm). B[a]P 24-h exposure induced dose-related increases (P<0.0001) in SSBs. Earthworm intestine was significantly (P<0.0001) more susceptible than crop/gizzard to B[a]P and/or lindane. However, both tissues appeared to acquire resistance following 7-day exposure. B[a]P-DNA adducts, measured by (32)P-postlabelling, showed a two-adduct-spot pattern. This preliminary investigation suggests that earthworm tissues may be incorporated into genotoxicity assays to facilitate hazard identification within terrestrial ecosystems. 相似文献
87.
Jason Collodi Mark Pelling Arabella Fraser Maud Borie Simone Di Vicenz 《Disasters》2021,45(1):202-223
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals call for action to build back better in ways that leave no one behind. At the same time, ensuring a local voice is increasingly central to humanitarian engagement. These aims contrast with limited analysis of how local actors might be supported in these respects during response and recovery, and how far recommendations are specific or generalisable across richer and poorer national contexts. The paper begins by comparing lessons learnt by survivors and community organisations in Sint Maarten, Dutch Caribbean, following a high‐income state‐led response to Hurricane Irma in 2017 with the priorities of lower income, humanitarian‐led endeavours. The differences reveal the importance of economic resources as the basis for individual self‐reliance and a fragmented civil society with limited leadership ambitions in Sint Maarten. Strong cross‐cultural alignment nevertheless allows for a globally‐relevant and yet contextually‐sensitive framework for survivor‐led action and reconstruction. 相似文献
88.
Wang Meichen Rivenbark Kelly J. Phillips Timothy D. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11417-11430
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The co-occurrence of mixtures of glyphosate (GLP) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in contaminated water, soil, sediment, and plants is a cause... 相似文献
89.
D. W. Phillips 《Marine Biology》1981,64(1):95-103
Growth of individually marked specimens of Notoacmea scutum (Rathke) was followed for 15 months (April, 1978 to June, 1979) at a field site in central California, USA. Growth rates were highly seasonal, being highest from late spring through early summer and lowest during winter. Growth rate also varied significantly with intertidal height: limpets lower in the intertidal zone grew faster. Both relationships may have been related to the relative abundance of food or to the amount of time available for foraging. Recently settled limpets, which were present throughout the year, grew to approximately 17 mm in length by the end of their first year; by then, they had also reached the size at which mature gonads were consistently found (16 mm). Limpets were almost 26 mm long by the end of the second year. Substantial mortality occurred throughout the year, but it was particularly severe during winter, when a large portion of the reproductive population was lost. This pronounced winter mortality was probably not caused by invertebrate predators such as seastars. Most limpets at the study site were less than 2 yr old. 相似文献
90.