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11.
An optimization model for land reservation was developed that explicitly selects parcels in the most compact or contiguous manner possible while meeting habitat requirements and a budget limitation. The model was used to compare the effects of an existing reserve network on future parcel spatial locations and total cost. Using habitat and land value data from Josephine County, Oregon, it was found that a system of existing reserves created by various policies and overseen by different agencies can decrease future reserve compactness and contiguity, and increase total cost. This work suggests that coordinated planning can result in more efficient conservation efforts for less cost.  相似文献   
12.
The isotopic composition of lead collected with grass samples taken over the period 1989-2001 from plots at two upland locations (Glensaugh in north east and Hartwood in central Scotland) has been determined using thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. Although marked reductions in lead concentrations in grass were observed at Glensaugh in the initial three years, subsequently concentrations have remained relatively constant (1-3 microg g(-1)) in all plots to the present day. The one exception was a roadside plot at Hartwood which showed a large reduction from 1.0 microg g(-1) in 1999 to 0.2 microg g(-1) in 2000 following the abolition of petrol lead in the UK at the beginning of 2000. The total concentrations at this plot were consistently lower than those found at plots away from road traffic but exposed to the prevailing wind direction. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio increased steadily at all the plots throughout the period of the study indicating the reducing influence of petrol lead but the changes were not as great as might be expected with the decrease in the use of leaded petrol. Assuming the collected lead had only two sources, petrol lead and a diffuse background "industrial" lead, the proportion of petrol lead was only in the range 17-69% for roadside samples and 0-39% in other samples. A substantial proportion of deposited lead, therefore, now has its origin other than in petrol. Mixing curves indicate that whereas the lead deposited at Glensaugh could be defined by only two end members, that at Hartwood needs more than two components in the mixture. The results also suggest that although petrol lead has been eliminated, traffic is still a source of lead and another source defined as "traffic lead" should be considered.  相似文献   
13.
用液相催化法和脱硫除尘器脱除烟气中SO_2   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
在由旋风水膜和两块旋流塔板组成的处理气量为750m ̄3/h的二级脱硫除尘器中,进行了用含催化剂Mn ̄(2+)的水溶液吸收SO_2的扩大试验。结果表明,在确定的条件下,脱硫率达到73%,板效率为0.25~0.28。在同一设备中同时完成除尘与脱硫过程,设备投资少;以水为吸收剂,运行费用低;中性条件下吸收,长期运转不结垢,可靠性高。  相似文献   
14.
This study uses an integrative approach to study the water-quality impacts of future global climate and land-use changes. In this study, changing land-use types was used as a mitigation strategy to reduce the adverse impacts of global climate change on water resources. The climate scenarios were based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Kingdom Hadley Centre's climate model (HadCM2). The Thornthwaite water-balance model was coupled with a land-use model (L-THIA) to investigate the hydrologic effects of future climate and land-use changes in the Ohio River Basin. The land-use model is based on the Soil Conservation Service's curve-number method. It uses the curve number, an index of land use and soil type, to calculate runoff volume and depth. The ArcView programming language, Avenue, was used to integrate the two models into a geographic information system (GIS). An output of the water-balance model, daily precipitation values adjusted for potential evapotranspiration, served as one of the inputs into the land-use model. Two watersheds were used in the present study: one containing the city of Cincinnati on the main stem of the Ohio River, and one containing the city of Columbus on a tributary of the Ohio River. These cities represent two major metropolitan areas in the Ohio River Basin with different land uses experiencing different rates of population growth. The projected hypothetical land-use changes were based on linear extrapolations of current population data. Results of the analyses indicate that conversion from agricultural land use to low-density residential land use may decrease the amount of surface runoff. The land-use practices which generate the least amount of runoff are forest, low-density residential, and agriculture; whereas high-density residential and commercial land-use types produce the highest runoff. The hydrologic soil type present was also an important factor in determining the amount of runoff and non-point-source pollution. A runoff-depth matrix and total nitrogen matrix were created for Cincinnati and Columbus to describe possible land-use mitigation measures in response to global climate change. The differences in Cincinnati and Columbus were due to differences in geographic location, air temperature, and total runoff. The results of this study may be useful to planners and policy makers for defining the possible impacts of future global climate and land-use changes on water resources.  相似文献   
15.
Technological system for sustainable development of Chinese agriculture   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
TechnologicalsystemforsustainabledevelopmentofChineseagricultureZhangRenwu;JiWenying;ZhangTong(Agro-EnvironmentalProtectionIn...  相似文献   
16.
中国人好吃。因而吃的讲究极多。自古以来。有关吃的外观、内容乃至礼仪、细节都有说法。而烹调技术、口味之类的食谱、馔经,更是汗牛充栋。连孔圣人都说过“食不厌精。脍不厌细”。“割不正不食”。甚至关心到作料,强调“不撤姜食”。可见“民以食为天”,吃在中国人心目中所占的分量。  相似文献   
17.
Microbial flocculant and its application in environmental protection   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
1IntroductionAlotofvariedflocculantshavebeenusedinwastewatertreatment,dredgingdownstreamprocessingandsomeindustrialfieldincl...  相似文献   
18.
Trace copper (II) in water can be preconcentrated using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and be determined spectrophotometri-cally. The conditions for the preconcentration were studied. The method was applied to both artificial and natural water samples and the results suggest that copper (II) of ppb level in water can be measured accurately after the preconcentration.  相似文献   
19.
Recovering and analysing fetal erythrocytes from maternal blood is being pursued for non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis. We report the observation of 46, XY/47, XXY mosaicism in fetal cells from a woman whose first-trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) initially showed only 46, XY. Only after exhaustive (500 cells) analysis were four XXY cells found in cultured villi.  相似文献   
20.
当今保护区面临着前所未有的挑战和机遇,人与资源的关系是保护区工作的关键。保护区随着社会的发展而发展,保护自然需要更加灵活的管理措施,保护区与人的关系更为密切,保护服务和推动保护区毗邻区域的发展正在成为重要目标,这些都将有利于保护区域的生物多样性,未来保护区将为社会利益而工作。  相似文献   
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