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121.
Milke Kyle P. Mitchell Kiana L. Hayes Sarah M. Green Carlin J. Guerard Jennifer J. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31059-31074
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite significant investigation of fly ash spills and mineralogical controls on the release of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from fly ash,... 相似文献
122.
Given recent focus on large rivers as conduits for excess nutrients to coastal zones, their role in processing and retaining nutrients has been overlooked and understudied. Empirical measurements of nutrient uptake in large rivers are lacking, despite a substantial body of knowledge on nutrient transport and removal in smaller streams. Researchers interested in nutrient transport by rivers (discharge >10000 L/s) are left to extrapolate riverine nutrient demand using a modeling framework or a mass balance approach. To begin to fill this knowledge gap, we present data using a pulse method to measure inorganic nitrogen. (N) transport and removal in the Upper Snake River, Wyoming, USA (seventh order, discharge 12000 L/s). We found that the Upper Snake had surprisingly high biotic demand relative to smaller streams in the same river network for both ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). Placed in the context of a meta-analysis of previously published nutrient uptake studies, these data suggest that large rivers may have similar biotic demand for N as smaller tributaries. We also found that demand for different forms of inorganic N (NH4+ vs. NO3-) scaled differently with stream size. Data from rivers like the Upper Snake and larger are essential for effective water quality management at the scale of river networks. Empirical measurements of solute dynamics in large rivers are needed to understand the role of whole river networks (as opposed to stream reaches) in patterns of nutrient export at regional and continental scales. 相似文献
123.
Honey bee foragers specialize on collecting pollen and nectar. Pollen foraging behavior is modulated by at least two stimuli
within the nest: the presence of brood pheromone and young larvae and the quantity of stored pollen. Genetic variation in
pollen foraging behavior has been demonstrated repeatedly. We used selected high and low pollen-hoarding strains of bees that
differ dramatically in the quantity of pollen collected to determine if the observed differences in foraging could be explained
by differential responses to brood stimuli. Workers from the high and low pollen-hoarding strains and wild-type bees were
co-fostered in colonies with either brood or no brood. As expected based on previous studies, returning high pollen-hoarding
foragers collected heavier pollen loads and lighter nectar loads than low pollen-hoarding bees. Effects of brood treatment
were also observed; bees exposed to brood collected heavier pollen loads and initiated foraging earlier than those from broodless
colonies. More specifically, brood treatment resulted in increased pollen foraging in high pollen-hoarding bees but did not
affect pollen foraging in low pollen-hoarding bees, suggesting that high pollen-hoarding bees are more sensitive to the presence
of brood. However, response to brood stimuli does not sufficiently explain the differences in foraging behavior between the
strains since these differences persisted even in the absence of brood. 相似文献
124.
Many benthic colonial invertebrates have the ability to fuse and form chimeras with compatible colonies. Botryllid ascidians
are model organisms for the study of the evolution of and molecular basis for allorecognition, and fusion rates have been
determined for different populations and species by random sampling and fusion testing between individuals. However, natural
fusion rates over time have not been documented. Nine settlement panels were deployed in Salem Harbor, Massachusetts, USA
and Botrylloides violaceus settlement, growth, and fusion monitored from July to mid-August 2007. Seventy-three percent of the recruits observed fused
with at least one other colony, while 4% neither fused nor were overgrown. Multifused colonies were not observed to grow faster
than single colonies when growth was calculated as increase in size beyond the summation of fused entities; however, they
were significantly larger. These results suggest that larvae settle in clumps of compatible individuals, and that large subtidal
colonies may be the result of high numbers of fusions between compatible colonies. 相似文献
125.
Crowding and Experience-Use History: A Study of the Moderating Effect of Place Attachment Among Water-Based Recreationists 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Effective recreation resource management relies on understanding visitor perceptions and behaviors. Given current and increasing
pressures on water resources, understanding crowding evaluations seems important. Beyond crowding, however, variables that
possibly relate to or influence crowding are of interest and in particular, place attachment and experience-use history (EUH).
As EUH is related to place attachment and likely affects crowding, this study explored the moderating effect of place attachment
dimensions on the relationships between EUH and visitor crowding evaluations. Water based recreationists at a U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers site were contacted onsite and asked questions related to experience-use history, crowding evaluations, place
attachment, and activity participation. Anglers and campers at the site identified similar crowding perceptions and place
attachments. Only one of eight models tested revealed a moderating effect. Specifically, place identity moderated the relationship
between the total times visited in the past twelve months and expected crowding among anglers. As such, the quest continues
to understand the relationship among these important variables. 相似文献
126.
The Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme (PBMS) is a long term (>40 y), UK-wide, exposure monitoring scheme that determines the concentration of selected pesticides and pollutants in the livers and eggs of predatory birds. This paper describes how the PBMS works, and in particular highlights some of the key scientific and policy drivers for monitoring contaminants in predatory birds and describes the specific aims, scope, and methods of the PBMS. We also present previously unpublished data that illustrates how the PBMS has been used to demonstrate the success of mitigation measures in reversing chemical-mediated impacts; identify and evaluate chemical threats to species of high conservation value; and finally to inform and refine monitoring methodologies. In addition, we discuss how such schemes can also address wider conservation needs. 相似文献
127.
Lethal and sublethal effects of the pyrethroid, bifenthrin, on grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harper HE Pennington PL Hoguet J Fulton MH 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(6):476-483
This study investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin on adult and larval grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and adult sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. The effects were determined by conducting 96-h aqueous static renewal tests and 24-h static tests with sediment. Oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and catalase were also assessed. The 96-h aqueous LC50 value for adult shrimp was 0.020 microg/L (95% CI: 0.015-0.025 microg/L) and for larval shrimp was 0.013 microg/L (95% CI: 0.011-0.016 microg/L). The 96-h aqueous LC50 for adult sheepshead minnow was 19.806 microg/L (95% CI: 11.886-47.250 microg/L). The 24-h sediment LC50 for adult shrimp was 0.339 microg/L (95% CI: 0.291-0.381 microg/L) and for larval shrimp was 0.210 microg/L (95% CI: 0.096-0.393 microg/L). The oxidative stress assays showed some increasing trends toward physiological stress with increased bifenthrin concentrations but they were largely inconclusive. Given the sensitivity of grass shrimp to this compound in laboratory bioassays, additional work will be needed to determine if these exposure levels are environmentally relevant. 相似文献
128.
Culbertson JB Valiela I Olsen YS Reddy CM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(2):312-319
In September 1969, the Florida barge spilled 700,000 L of No. 2 fuel oil into the salt marsh sediments of Wild Harbor, MA. Today a substantial amount, approximately 100 kg, of moderately degraded petroleum remains within the sediment and along eroding creek banks. The ribbed mussels, Geukensia demissa, which inhabit the salt marsh creek bank, are exposed to the spilled oil. Examination of short-term exposure was done with transplantation of G. demissa from a control site, Great Sippewissett marsh, into Wild Harbor. We also examined the effects of long-term exposure with transplantation of mussels from Wild Harbor into Great Sippewissett. Both the short- and long-term exposure transplants exhibited slower growth rates, shorter mean shell lengths, lower condition indices, and decreased filtration rates. The results add new knowledge about long-term consequences of spilled oil, a dimension that should be included when assessing oil-impacted areas and developing management plans designed to restore, rehabilitate, or replace impacted areas. 相似文献
129.
The release of mercury to the environment is of particular concern because of its volatility, persistence, and tendency to bioaccumulate. The recovery of mercury from end-box exhaust at chlor-alkali facilities is important to prevent release into the environment and reduce emissions as required by NESHAP (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants). A pilot-scale photocatalytic reactor packed with silica-titania composite (STC) pellets was tested at a chloralkali facility over a 3-month period. This pilot reactor treated up to 10 ft3/min (ACFM) of end-box exhaust and achieved 95% removal. The pilot reactor was able to maintain excellent removal efficiency even with large fluctuations in influent mercury concentration (400-1600 microg/ft3). The STC pellets were regenerated ex situ by regeneration with hydrochloric acid and performed similarly to virgin STC pellets when returned to service. On the basis of these promising results, two full-scale reactors with in situ regeneration capabilities were installed and operated. After optimization, these reactors performed similarly to the pilot reactor. A cost analysis was performed comparing the treatment costs (i.e., cost per pound of mercury removed) for sulfur-impregnated activated carbon and the STC system. The STC proved to be both technologically and economically feasible for this installation. 相似文献
130.
David Fowler Rognvald Smith Jennifer Muller John Neil Cape Mark Sutton Jan Willem Erisman Hilde Fagerli 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):41-47
Emissions of sulphur and oxidized nitrogen compounds in Europe have been reduced following a series of control measures during
the last two decades. These changes have taken place during a period in which the primary gases and the wet deposition throughout
Europe were extensively monitored. Since the end of the 1970s, for example land based sulphur emissions declined by between
90 and 70% depending on the region. Over the same period the total deposition of sulphur and its partitioning into wet and
dry deposition have declined, but the spatial pattern in the reduction in deposition differs from that of emission and has
changed with time. Such non-linearities in the emission-deposition relationship are important to understand as they complicate
the process of assessing the effects of emission reduction strategies. Observed non-linearities in terrestrial sulphur emission-deposition
patterns have been identified in north west Europe due to increases in marine emissions, and are currently slowing the recovery
of freshwater ecosystems. Changes in the relative amounts of SO2 and NH3 in air over the last two decades have also changed the affinity of terrestrial surfaces for SO2 and have therefore changed the deposition velocity of SO2 over substantial areas. The consequence of this effect has been the very rapid reduction in ambient SO2 concentration in some of the major source areas of Europe, where NH3 did not change much. Interactions between the different pollutants, generating non-linearities are now being incorporated
in long-range transport models to simulate the effects of historical emission trends and to provide projections into the future.
This paper identifies non-linearities in emission deposition relationships for sulphur and nitrogen compounds in Europe using
data from the EMEP long-rang transport model and measured concentration fields of the major ions in precipitation and of SO2 and NO2 in surface air. 相似文献